Report on Web Programming

INTRODUCTION TO hypertext markup language What is hypertext markup language? The explosive egress of the solid ground Wide tissue is relatively unprecedented, although it resembles the desktop publishing revolution of the too soon and mid-1980s. As personal computers became more common in homes and offices, people began to learn to exercise them for enrolment creation and page layout. Although early joint processing programs were not terribly intuitive and often required memorizing bizarre codes, people calm picked them up fairly easily and managed to create their admit in-house publications.Suddenly, the same kind of growth is being seen as folks rush to create and publish pages of a antithetic contour. To do this, they invite to learn to use something called the Hypertext Mark-up Language (hypertext markup language). HTML at a Crossroads HTML and the earthly concern Wide blade in general argon currently in a stage of development similar to that of the desktop publis hing revolution. Still working to reach maturity as a standard, HTML is feeling the same ripenitentiarying pains that early word processing programs did-as more users flock to HTML, there is a growing need to standardize it and collide with it less complex to implement.These days, word processors ar much more intuitive than they were 15 years ago. There atomic return 18 fewer codes and special keystrokes required to get something done. The applications have matured to the pose where just approximately of the low-level formatting is kept hidden from the user of the application. At the same time, the printed page is out justly more completely mirrored on the computer screen, with accurately represented fonts, emphasis, line breaks, margins, and paragraph breaks. Although programs argon quickly being highly-developed to offer similar features for HTML development, these tend to be less than warning solutions.Currently then, anyone who decides to learn HTML is going to have t o accredit some codes, memorize some syntax, and develop pages for the land Wide wind vane without the benefit of seeing all the fonts, emphasis, and paragraph breaks beforehand. but anyone who has had any success with word processing programs of ten or 15 years ago (or desktop publishing programs as of late as five years ago) will have atomic or no trouble schooling HTML. Ultimately, youll see that HTMLs basic structure makes a lot of sense for this emerging medium-the World Wide Web.And, as with most things computer-oriented, youll find that once youve spent a few moments with it, HTML isnt nearly as rocky as you might have originally imagined. A Short HTML History HTML developed a few years ago as a subset of standard generalized markup language (Standard Generalized Mark-up Language) which is a higher-level mark-up voice communication that has long been a favorite of the Department of Defense. Like HTML, it describes formatting and hypertext golf links, and it defines contrary components of a document.HTML is definitely the aboveboardr of the two, and although they ar related, there are few meshwork meshwork browsers that support both. Because HTML was conceived for transmission over the net income (in the form of Web pages), it is much simpler than SGML, which is more of an application-oriented document format. While its true that many programs give the axe load, edit, create, and save blames in the SGML format (just as many programs preempt create and save programs in the Microsoft Word format), SGML is not exactly ideal for transmission across the lucre to many different types of computers, users, and browser applications.HTML is more suit to this task. Designed with these considerations in mind, HTML lets you, the designer, create pages that you are reasonably sure can be get by the entire population of the Web. Even users who are un suitable to view your graphics, for instance, can experience the peck of what youre communicating if you design your HTML pages properly. At the same time, HTML is a simple enough format (at least currently) that typical computer users can generate HTML documents without the benefit of a special application.Creating a WordPerfect-format document would be rather difficult by hand (including all of the required text size, fonts, page breaks, columns, margins, and new(prenominal) information), even if it werent a proprietary-that is, nonpublic-document format. HTML is a public standard, and simple enough that you can get through a book like this one and have a very blotto ability to create HTML documents from scratch. This simplicity is part of a trade-off, as HTML-format documents dont offer nearly the precision of control or depth of formatting options that a WordPerfect- or Adobe PageMaker-formatted document would. Marking Up TextThe most basic chemical element of any HTML page (and, therefore, any page on the Web) is ASCII text. In fact, although its slightly bad form, a si ngle paragraph of unvarying text-generated in a text editor program and saved as a text file-can be displayed in a Web browser with no additional codes or markings An example of this might simply be Remember that HTML-formatted documents arent that far removed from documents created by a word processing program, which are also basically text. Marking up text, then, simply way you add plastered commands, or tags, to your document in high society to tell a Web browser how you want the document displayed.One of the most basic uses for HTML tags is to tell a browser that you want certain text to be emphasized on the page. The HTML document standard leaves for a couple of different types of emphasis including explicit formatting, where you choose to make something italic as opposed to bold, or implicit formatting, where its up to the browser to decide how to format the emphasized text. Using part of the example above, then, an HTML tag use for emphasis might look something like this Welcome to my home on the World Wide Web.In this example, and are HTML tags that tell the Web browser which text (in this example, my home) is to be emphasized when displayed. The browser isnt just displaying regular text it has also taken into account the way you want the text to be displayed according to the HTML tags youve added. Tags are a lot like margin notes you might make with a red pen when editing or correcting term papers or corporate reports. After youve entered the basic text in a Web document, you add HTML mark-up elements to tell the browser how you want things organized and displayed on the page.In most word processing documents, the mark up that describes the emphasis and organization of text is hidden from the user. HTML, however, is a little more primitive than that, as it allows you to manually enter your text mark-up tags to determine how the text will appear. You cant do this with an MS Word document, but, then again, MS Word documents arent the standard for a ll Web pages and browsers on the Internet The World Wide Web and Web Servers Probably the most important thing to remember just about the World Wide Web and the Internet in general is that they are global in descale and often a very cooperative venture.Information on the Web tends to be swoond around the world, and its just as easy for you to admission fee a site in New Zealand or Japan as it is to chafe Web information in your receive state. The basic reason for learning HTML is to create pages for the World Wide Web. Before you start, though, youll want to know a little about how this whole process works. Well get off by taking a look at Web browsing programs, then well talk about how the World Wide Web works, and well discuss some of the terms associated with surfing the Web.Finally, well round out the tidings by talking about the Internet in general and the different operate available on the Internet and how they interact with the Web. Whats the World Wide Web? The Worl d Wide Web is an Internet service, establish on a common set of protocols, which allows a particularly configured legion computer to distribute documents across the Internet in a standard way. This Web standard allows programs on many different computer platforms (such as UNIX, Windows 95, and the Mac OS) to properly format and display the information served.These programs are called Web browsers. The Web is fairly queer among Internet services (which include Internet e-mail, Gopher, and FTP) in that its protocols allow for the Web server to send information of many different types (text, sound, graphics), as well as offer access to those other Internet services. Most Web browsers are just as capable of displaying UseNet newsgroup messages and Gopher sites as they are able to display Web pages written in HTML. This flexibility is part of what has fueled the success and popularity of the Web.Not totally do the Web protocols allow more interactive, multimedia presentations of infor mation, but the typical Web browser can also offer its user access to other Internet resources, making a Web browser perhaps a users most valuable Internet application. The World Wide Web is the youngest and most unique of the Internet services. Its protocols allow it to transmit both text and multimedia file formats to users, while also change Web browsers to access other Internet services. The Web is based on a concept called hypertext, which substance that text at heart the paragraphs on a Web page is designed to act as links to other Web pages.There is no hierarchy on the Web, which is only loosely organized by this transcription of links. other services that can be accessed via the Web include Gopher, WAIS, UseNet, e-mail, and FTP. to each one of these older Internet services has its own scheme for formulating addresses. Most of these services require a server computer of some sort to allow Internet applications to access their information. These server computers have spe cific addresses on the Web which you need to know in order to contact them. The World Wide Web is the youngest and most unique of the Internet services.Its protocols allow it to transmit both text and multimedia file formats to users, while also enabling Web browsers to access other Internet services. The Web is based on a concept called hypertext, which means that text within the paragraphs on a Web page is designed to act as links to other Web pages. There is no hierarchy on the Web, which is only loosely organized by this system of links. Other services that can be accessed via the Web include Gopher, WAIS, UseNet, e-mail, and FTP. Each of these older Internet services has its own scheme for formulating addresses.Most of these services require a server computer of some sort to allow Internet applications to access their information. These server computers have specific addresses on the Web which you need to know in order to contact them. Creating elementary HTML Documents It is important to realize that an HTML document must be make on a very specific framework. This framework, in its simplest form, consists of three sets of matched container tags. A tag is a simple markup element, and always takes the form . A container is a pair of HTML tags of the form . You can think of the element as turning something on, while the turns that same thing off.For example, consider this line of HTML This is in Italics. moreover this isnt. The first HTML tag, , turns on italics. The second tag, , turns them off. When displayed on-screen, this line of text would look like this This is in Italics. But this isnt. The tags themselves dont appear on-screen. They just tell the browser program how to display the elements they contain. The simplest possible HTML document is given in Listing 4. 1. The entire document is enclosed in the container tags. The first part of the document is encapsulated in the container, which itself contains a container.Finally, the body of the page is contained in a container. The Simplest HTML Document A Very Basic HTML Document My name is Ogbonnaya Stephen Success. The most fundamental of all the tags used to create an HTML document is, not surprisingly, the tag. This tag should be the first item in your document and the corresponding end tag, , should be the last. Together, these tags indicate that the material contained between them represents a single HTML document (refer to Listing 4. 1). This is important because an HTML document is a plain text ASCII file.Without these tags, a browser or other program isnt able to identify the document format and interpret it correctly. Brief Introduction to PHP What is PHP? PHP stands for PHP Hypertext Preprocessor PHP is a server-side scripting language, like ASP PHP scripts are executed on the server PHP supports many databases (MySQL, Informix, Oracle, Sybase, Solid, PostgreSQL, Generic ODBC, etc. ) PHP is an open source software PHP is destitute to download and use Basic Require ments in Working with PHP Notepad++ Xampp server Web Browser 2. 5. 2 software DEVELOPMENT TOOL NOTEPAD++ Notepad++ is a text editor and source code editor for Windows.Fig 2. 5. 2a Screen elasticity on Notepad++ XAMPP is a free and open source cross-platform web server solution stack package, consisting in general of the Apache HTTP Server, MySQL database, and interpreters for scripts written in the PHP and Perl programming languages. X (meaning cross-platform) Apache HTTP Server MySQL PHP Perl The program acts as a free web server capable of serving dynamic pages. XAMPP is available for Microsoft Windows, Linux, Solaris, and Mac OS X, and is mainly used for web development projects. This software is useful while you are creating dynamic webpages using programming languages like PHP, JSP, Servlets.Uses Officially, XAMPPs designers mean it for use only as a development tool, to allow website designers and programmers to test their work on their own computers without any access to the Internet. To make this as easy as possible, many important security features are disabled by default. In practice, however, XAMPP is sometimes used to actually serve web pages on the World Wide Web. A special tool is provided to password-protect the most important parts of the package. XAMPP also provides support for creating and manipulating databases in MySQL and SQLite among others.Fig 2. 5. 2b XAMPP control Panel Application 2. 5. 3 Basic PHP Syntax A PHP scripting block always starts with . A PHP scripting block can be placed anywhere in the document. A PHP file normally contains HTML tags, just like an HTML file, and some PHP scripting code. Below, is an example of a simple PHP script which sends the text hello World to the browser Fig 2. 5. 2 A simple program in PHP using notepad++ The outfit of this will be gotten by making sure that my xampp server is running and putting in the right address in my web browser. Fig 2. 5. b showing webpage output displaying hi World. E ach code line in PHP must end with a semicolon. The semicolon is a separator and is used to blob one set of instructions from another. There are two basic statements to output text with PHP take a hop and print. In the example above we have used the echo statement to output the text Hello World. 2. 5. 3 Comments in PHP In PHP, we use // to make a single-line stimulant or /* and */ to make a large comment block. Below is a simple program showing single comment line and multiple comment line Fig 2. 5. showing comment line Below is a simple PHP code on PHONEBOOK. This program is able to Add and Delete mark and Phone number in a Phonebook. Fig 2. 5. 4 fruit for Adding Data in a Phone Book. From the Output above adding contact name and Phone number, saves the data into the Phone book. While deleting contact also deletes title and Phone Number in the Phone book. Fig 2. 5. 5 Output after adding Contact Name and Phone number in a Phonebook. The code shown below is a Code Behind file f or the sample Phone Book Application that was developed using PHP/MYSQL. Code Behind File