Perspectives from Inner Windows Essay

Cheryl Albury in the book† Perspectives from Inner Windows,† reveals many of the social problems that we face in Bahamian society. In her stories â€Å"Waiting for Love† and â€Å"Pot of Gold† she uses them to reflect on some of the characteristics of Bahamian Men. From these two stories Albury portrays men as manipulative and selfish. In â€Å"Waiting for love† we are introduced to the relationship of Stafford and Phyllis a young couple from Exuma. Stafford, evil in his ways, preys on naà ¯ve Phyllis, coaxing her mind of dreams he had for them. He courted her around town and found an opportunity to rob her of her innocence. Although she loved him, she knew something wasn’t right about their relationship, because ever since he had asked her to elope she felt a â€Å"sense of foreboding and uneasiness† to the matter. He deceived her in believing they would elope and start a family, by him not doing this he betrayed her trust and left her waiting on love. In â€Å"Pot of Gold† best friends Cyril and Jacob are both family men with minimum paying jobs. They, influenced by the hard times, robbed the local hardware store of a large sum of cash and walked free. It was not until Cyril’s unknowingly told his girlfriend that they were found guilty. Because of their selfish ways it caused them to jeopardize their relationships with their family and to deceive the trust of their wives. After being imprisoned, Jacob tried to regain their treasure but a building was constructed on it, but in the end they learnt that true happiness does not come from being selfish. In conclusion, Albury in these stories uses the technique of dialect and imagery to help her readers understand her point more. Also I believe that Albury shows a true reflection of Bahamian men. She uses real life situations to bring her point across that most Bahamian men are selfish and manipulative.

What’s on Human Mind?

[pic] [pic] Joni Mitchell Submitted to: Dr. Remedios Biavati Submitted by: Jacqueline T. Sangalang 2P4 LIT101A Joni Mitchell Born Roberta Joan Anderson; November 7, 1943 is a Canadian musician, songwriter, and painter. Mitchell began singing in small nightclubs in her native Western Canada and then busking on the streets of Toronto. In the mid-1960s she left for New York City and its rich folk music scene, recording her debut album in 1968 and achieving fame first as a songwriter (â€Å"Urge for Going†, â€Å"Chelsea Morning†, â€Å"Both Sides Now†, â€Å"Woodstock†) and then as a singer in her own right. Finally settling in Southern California, Mitchell played a key part in the folk rock movement then sweeping the musical landscape. Blue, her starkly personal 1971 album, is regarded as one of the strongest and most influential records of the time. Mitchell also had pop hits such as â€Å"Big Yellow Taxi†, â€Å"Free Man in Paris†, and â€Å"Help Me†, the last two from 1974's best-selling Court and Spark. Mitchell's soprano vocals, distinctive harmonic guitar style, and piano arrangements all grew more complex through the 1970s as she was deeply influenced by jazz, melding it with pop, folk and rock on experimental albums like 1976's Hejira. She worked closely with jazz greats including Pat Metheny, Wayne Shorter, Jaco Pastorius, Herbie Hancock, and on a 1979 record released after his death, Charles Mingus. From the 1980s on, Mitchell reduced her recording and touring schedule but turned again toward pop, making greater use of synthesizers and direct political protest in her lyrics, which often tackled social and environmental themes alongside romantic and emotional ones. Mitchell's work is highly respected both by critics and fellow musicians. Rolling Stone magazine called her â€Å"one of the greatest songwriters ever,† while All music said, â€Å"When the dust settles, Joni Mitchell may stand as the most important and influential female recording artist of the late 20th century. By the end of the century, Mitchell had a profound influence on artists in genres ranging from R&B to alternative rock to jazz. Mitchell is also a visual artist. She made the artwork for each of her albums, and in 2000 described herself as a â€Å"painter derailed by circumstance. † A blunt critic of the music industry, Mitchell had stopped recording over the last several years, focusing more a ttention on painting, but in 2007 she released Shine, her first album of new songs in nine years. Cultural Background Western Canada Western Canada, also referred to as the Western provinces and commonly as the West, is a region of Canada generally including all parts of Canada west of the province of Ontario. The West is considered by many to be a cultural region with an identity separate from that of the rest of Canada. The special cultural, political and economic characteristics of â€Å"the West† are, however, not universally agreed upon, nor are its eographical limits and stereotypes of the West mask the cultural, physical and historical differences within this vast and varied region. In Canadian politics, the term â€Å"the West† is used misleadingly in Canadian media style guides as shorthand for the Conservative leanings of Western Canadians, as contrasted with the greater likelihood for candidates from either the Liberal Party of Canada or the New Democratic Party (NDP) to be elected in Central Canada (although the NDP's roots are in Saskatchewan and Britis h Columbia). Exceptions exist, particularly in British Columbia, as well as in the prairie cities of Winnipeg and Regina, where the Liberal Party currently hold seats, as well as in other major urban centers such as Edmonton where Liberal and NDP candidates have been elected in recent history. The social democratic NDP had its origins on the Canadian Prairies and in the mining and pulp mill towns and railway camps of British Columbia, and has a history of support in Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and British Columbia. Both Sides Now Composed and Performed by Joni Mitchell Rows and flows of angel hair, And ice cream castles in the air, And feathered canyons everywhere, I've looked at clouds that way, But now they only block the sun. They rain and snow on everyone. So many things I would have done, But clouds got in my way. I've looked at clouds from both sides now, From up and down, and still somehow, Its clouds illusions I recall. I really don't know clouds at all. Moons and Junes and Ferris wheels, the dizzy dancing way you feel As every fairy tale comes real; I've looked at love that way. But now it's just another show. You leave 'em laughing when you go And if you care, don't let them know, don't give yourself away. I've looked at love from both sides now, From give and take, and still somehow It’s love's illusions I recall. I really don't know love at all. Tears and fears and feeling proud, to say â€Å"I love you† right out loud, Dreams and schemes and circus crowds, I've looked at life that way. But now old friends are acting strange, they shake their heads, They say I've changed. Something's lost but something's gained in living every day. I've looked at life from both sides now, From win and lose, and still somehow It’s life's illusions I recall. I really don't know life at all. Both Sides Now is a concept album by Joni Mitchell released in 2000. It traces the progress of the modern relationship through Mitchell's orchestral renditions of classic jazz songs. Two of Mitchell's own songs are also included, â€Å"A Case of You† (1971) and â€Å"Both Sides, Now† (1969). The orchestra was arranged and conducted by Vince Mendoza. In the liner notes, co-producer Larry Klein describes the album as â€Å"a programmatic suite documenting a relationship from initial flirtation through optimistic consummation, metamorphosing into disillusionment, ironic despair, and finally resolving in the philosophical overview of acceptance and the probability of the cycle repeating itself†. A limited run of copies were released on February 8, 2000, in special chocolate-box packaging for Valentine's Day, including several lithographs of original Mitchell paintings. Many of these were returned to stores as the CD holder in the box would not reliably hold the disc and copies often arrived scratched. A regular jewel-case edition was released on March 20, 2000. Both Sides Now is also available on DVD-Audio. As of December 2007, the album has sold 323,000 copies in the United States. On the concert tour tie-in to this album, Mitchell performed the songs in the same sequence, but opened with an overture, â€Å"Nuages† — the first movement from Nocturnes, an orchestral suite composed by French composer Claude Debussy. â€Å"Nuages† means â€Å"clouds† in English. While the music certainly sets a romantic mood, the usage of this piece can be seen as a clever pun, since Clouds is also the name of the album on which the song â€Å"Both Sides, Now† made its original appearance. Both the album and the title song are featured in the film Love Actually (2003). *The picture on the upper left was the cover of Joni’s album, â€Å"CLOUD. REACTION I think this song means that people have different perceptions of what love and life are all about when they're children as opposed to when they're adults. When we were children, we saw love as a fairytale, hence the line: â€Å"Moons and Junes and Ferris wheels, the dizzy dancing way you f eel, as every fairytale comes real; I've looked at love that way. † But when we became adults, we realized that love is NOT a fairytale, thus the line: â€Å"But now it's just another show. You leave 'em laughing when you go, and if you care, don't let them know, don't give yourself away. Love and life can be painful, and children don't see that. They see love and life as a fairytale. It possibly means also that, there is no correct answer when it comes to fragile things like love and life. They are too big and meaningful to be summed up by anything. There are certain things in life you can never learn about from a book or from other people, like this song suggests life and love; you have to experience them, because they are different for every person. We'll never understand everything. You can be an idealist, or you can be a cynic, but you're silly if you think you understand it all.

Rape, a Love Story by Joyce Carol Oates Assignment

Rape, a Love Story by Joyce Carol Oates - Assignment Example The brutal rape of Teena by gang of men implicates two men namely Lloyd Pick, Marvyn Pick, and Fritz Haaber. This shocking incident occurs in the presence of Bethie, the main character’s daughter resulting to anguish and despair in the story. However, it is the timely intervention of Droomor that eventually saves the situation. In the ensuing scenario, Droomor kills the two suspects in Teena’s case and there is ample evidence to support the claim. First, by the courts failing to convict Marvyn and Lloyd, the justice system predisposed the police officer to a revenge fantasy of protecting Teena. It is apparent in the angst expressed by Droomor when he converses with the victim after the trial (Oates 112). Second, the desperation and struggle of Bethie accounts for the officer’s murderous actions. According to the text, Droomor feels sorry for the hopelessness that characterizes the young girl’s life and decides to end the lives of Teena’s rapists. Ov erall, in Oates’s context, the involvement of Droomor in the murders of Fritz Haaber and the Pick brothers is a cathartic process that frees the central character from her pain. Another interesting angle of Droomor’s guilt involves its similarity to the plot define The Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin. It revolves around the fate of Louise Mallard who believes her husband is dead while the case is not true. With the comfort of her sister, she receives counseling and finally begins rejoicing only for her husband to reappear. Alternatively, while all evidence links Droomor to the killings of Teena’s rapists, the truth remains hidden. Consequently, a sense of ambiguity emerges that contradicts the real killers of the Pick brothers and Fritz. Likewise, the eventual death of Mrs. Mallard after the sudden appearance of her husband in Chopin’s story parallels the uncertainties that define the suspected murder in Oates’s story. As a detective I believe Droomor is the murderer of the three men based on his

Financial management Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Financial management - Coursework Example Bonds are valued using the time value of money principle where due to its earning capacity, money available at present are more worthy than the same amount in the future. The interest rates are treated like an equal annual cash flows streams while the face value is treated as a lump sum (Minton, 1997, pp.28). Where k is the number of periods, n is the number of periods to maturity, Yield is the yield to maturity of the Bond and PVCF is the present value of the discounted cash flows at the yield to maturity. Standard and Poor 500 (S&P 500) is a capitalization-weight index of the best performing five hundred publicly listed stock in the United States. This covers about 75% of the American equity market by capitalization. The data included in the index includes the financials such as the stock price, the market capitalization earnings and so on (Anderson, 1997, pp.456). The intrinsic value of stock is derived from estimating and discounting the future cash flows from the stock and it simply implies the estimated value of stock today. Investor and analysts to state the relationship between the stock price and the intrinsic value have used it. If the intrinsic value is greater than the current stock price, the asset should be purchase or keep hold of it if it is already owned. The asset is correctly valued if the current stock price is equal to the intrinsic value. Nevertheless, if the intrinsic value is less than the current stock price, the asset is overvalued and therefore should be avoided at all cost and if it is already held, it should be sold. Divided discounted model of stock valuation is uses a discounted cash flow model. It states that the value of stock is equal to the current value of all the future payments to which the stock holder is entitled. In this case the payments are in form of dividends. The greatest assumption by the dividend discounted model is that the dividends are steady or will continue to increase at a

Migration Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Migration - Research Paper Example This number includes 214 million international migrants and 740 million internally displaced persons (â€Å"World Migration Report†). Human migration, whether internationally or internally, from one geographical place to another geographical place takes place due to various reasons, which can be categorized into two general factors: pull factor or moving into a place and push factor or leaving a place (â€Å"Why do people migrate?†). The pull factors are causes that enforce a country to bring people from other countries, whereas push factors are causes make people leave their own countries. Some of the pull factors are need for additional labor at relatively lower cost for the industrial and infrastructure development of the country, falling birthrates of developing countries, and rapid economic expansion. Different causes that can be noted among push factors are lack of prospects of career development in native countries, poverty and low income in native countries, pro secution and poor human rights, civil war, and natural disaster (â€Å"Why do people migrate?†). The purpose of the paper is to provide an overview on the global phenomenon of human migration through the perspectives of historical, political, economic, environmental, and cultural events. Spread of religion, search for new lands for human inhabitants may be allocated to the historical reasons causing migration during different periods of human civilization. All three major regions, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam reshaped the globe through human immigration. Since the birth of Islam as a religion in 610, the followers of Islam first spread it throughout the Arabian Peninsula, and then to Egypt and other parts of North Africa. Spread of Catholicism by Portuguese and Spanish played role in human immigration during 11th and 12th centuries. Migration of Jewish people from Eastern to Western Europe and then to the United States of America in the 19th century reshaped the ethnicity of

Based on Book Lament for a Son by Nicholas Wolterstorff Published Coursework

Based on Book Lament for a Son by Nicholas Wolterstorff Published January 1st 1987 by William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company - Coursework Example Denial is the first stage of death, and this stage is the most crucial for an individual who has suffered a loss. Shock and denial characterize denial stage with constant moaning on why certain things happen in life (Bartel, 2012). Wolterstorff does not easily accept the death of his son and throughout his speech speaks as though Eric is still alive (Wolterstorff, 1987). Anger is the second stage of death and has crucial consequences, though critical for healing. Individuals in this stage have mixed reactions characterized by endless and painful emotions characterizing every moment (Bartel, 2012). While anger can be detrimental to an individuals sense of living, it opens up an individual to the various possibilities that effect healing. Wolterstorff constantly reflects on the life and times of his son Eric with his speech characterized by painful rhetoric (Wolterstorff, 1987). Wolterstorff breaks the norm by publicly crying for the loss of the son in classic expression of anger (Wolterstorff, 1987). Bargaining is the third stage characterized by individuals trying to find other means through which they can cover the loss (Bartel, 2012). Essentially, individuals think of various things that could have been done in a different fashion to prevent death. When told about the sons death, Wolterstorff wishes they had not taken their son for granted and supported him in his endeavours (Wolterstorff, 1987). Depression and acceptance are the fourth and fifth stages respectively (Bartel, 2012). Depression is a deep sense of grief that an individual experiences during the loss. Acceptance is the last stage of death and the individual accepts the reality of the loss. Wolterstorff accepts the loss by noting that he would one day speak to the son on the resurrection occasion (Wolterstorff, 1987). Wolterstorff (1987) finds immense joy after the loss of the son, and this is based on his Christian faith. In a complete turnaround, Wolterstorff remembers that

Academic Skills Prepare Graduates for Work Essay

Academic Skills Prepare Graduates for Work - Essay Example Empirical work studies have also suggested that workers and employers now feel that generic skills like, communication, problem solving as well as team working abilities, have become extremely critical for the overall success of the workplace (Bailey, Hughes and Barr, 1998). As a result, academics are concentrating more on the skill and work based learning. The primary purposes which have been identified at large for work based learning are; acquiring skill and knowledge with respect to employment in specific industries and occupations, providing career planning and exploration and learning all industry aspects. Increasing social as well as personal competence related to general work and enhancing the motivation of students for academic achievement are other aspects which have found profound interest and critical pace in the teaching techniques in colleges. The current essay throws light on the abovementioned aspects. Research has been conducted on how academics prepare students for work and building their professional careers. Examples from various top colleges and universities will help in understanding the various skill sets and course curriculum which are being implemented in order to enhance the academic learning experience. Review In order to understand the academic skills required, it is important to understand and contemplate the meaning of academic skills and knowledge. Stasz and Brewer (1998) defined academic skills are â€Å"measurable properties of individuals,† which included academic tests. However, influential academic skills might be understood as those techniques and knowledge which will help the students in reinforcing their motivation, quality and overall performance in office. In other words, it is the knowledge which will help students in coping with real world. In broad sense, academic skills can be considered as a collection of learning strategies, study habits as well as tools and techniques for time management helping students le arn as well as absorb the lessons in college. Generally, students pursue academic learning as information, thus wanting for more. The literature review and surveys on this field of study has been least, confining only to specific subjects or training programs. However, this field has got enormous implications. In the past, most of the course curriculum consisted of limited learning prospects, comprising of bookish or theoretical knowledge. However, with the changing scenes and increasing requirement of practical knowledge, colleges and universities are implementing a mix of theoretical learning as well as practical applications, so that the students and graduates are better prepared for the real life work experience (Philadelphia School District, 1998). Several literatures have reviewed the skills required for successful conduction of work. However, none of these surveys and reviews has confirmed a single technique or methodology which can satisfy all the requirements. So, any liter ature survey on relationship between work and academic skills is unlikely to present definitive answers (Berryman and Bailey, 1992). Most of the literature reviews and research work on this field have revealed the underlying controversies shaping debate regarding academic skills as well as various issues and themes. First, is defining of academic skills which have been observed earlier. Various theoretical perspectives have dominated the study of academic skills yielding conflicting results as well as policy recommendations. One approach is positivist, according to which individuals have the ability to transfer skills. Another approach is situational perspective, according to whi

Cyber Management Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Cyber Management Ethics - Essay Example They have abused it through downloading movies, downloading pornographic materials and/or pirated software. (Fox, M., Phillips, L. & Vaidyanathan, G., 2003) E-mail Accessed for Personal Benefit A statistic data from a pornographic industry consultant have noted that almost seventy percent of all visits to their website occur during the office hours or to be specific between 9 o’clock in the morning to 5 o’clock in the afternoon. According to the results received by Nielson or NetRatings, the online stock trading gets at least a ninety-two percent hits during the office hours and at least forty-six percent of the shopping done online during the holidays usually take place between nine o’clock in the morning to five o’clock in the afternoon. Another study made by Fox in 2002 showed that almost twenty five percent of employees in companies are suffering from addiction with the usage of the Internet. Another study conducted by Fox in 2002 was the activities th at were most addictive to individuals today. It revealed that gambling online has sky rocketed to the top five most addictive activities to individuals and translating it to a specific proportion would show that about eight percent of the respondents have become addicted to online gambling. (Fox, M., Phillips, L. & Vaidyanathan, G., 2003) Information Week also presented a study that predicted the amount of e-mail messages business organizations would receive that is based on their sizes. For example, the large business organization that has revenue of more than a billion dollars would roughly receive about two million and four hundred thousand e-mail messages a day and send around one... Cyber Management Ethics The paper analyzed the steps should be taken into account in order to change toward the new approach of stakeholder relationship to fit in the era of digital society. Furthermore, the method of literature review was applied as a basis of theoretical construction on stakeholder relationship approach that should be engaged in avoiding of the crisis. The sudden discovery of the World Wide Web or Internet and its usefulness to the business organizations has greatly affected the productivity of the employees within the business organization. It cannot be disputed that the impact of the internet would have both positive and negative influence and it is up to the business organization to determine if its positive the effect outweigth its negative effect. And, if the freedom of transactions presented by the internet is abused by the employees, it is the prerogative of the business organization to implement measures to curb or arrest any misfeasance or malfeasance. According to the statement made by Anandarajan, Simmers and Igbaria in 2000, these are some positive effects that business organizations could expect from the Internet to enhance the productivity of the organization where it has utilized the internet or the world wide web as their primary tool in completing and performing tasks. Examples of these tasks would be the analyzing, researching of data, the business organization would also have the shorter cycle times, products that would be marketed the costs that are related to the business organization would be reduced.

Asymmetric or Symmetric Encryption Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Asymmetric or Symmetric Encryption - Essay Example Unprotected data could be accessed unscrupulously to fetch devastating consequences for any organization. Protection of data is mediated by various algorithms meant to encrypt the information (Symmetric and asymmetric cryptography overview). Asymmetric encryption or public key encryption involves two set of keys one is public key for encryption and another key for decryption, a private key. On the other hand symmetric encryption encompass a secret key that is applicable to encrypt plus to decrypt the information. It is a private single key common to both the receiver and the sender to decipher the information. It is essential that the key is kept covertly and sturdily and should be shared between two parties only. It gains convenience over asymmetric encryption process because of its ease and rapidity in operation but becomes cumbersome if the key is to be shared between more than two parties. Public key can be utilized by individuals as well as for business, where the trader seizes the private key and all the clients have access to the public key, as exploited by Lotus and Microsoft (Conventional versus Key Exchange Encryption).

CRJ 422 Week 5 discussions 1 and 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

CRJ 422 Week 5 discussions 1 and 2 - Essay Example A society that is socially just is anchored on the principles of equality and solidarity, as well as understanding of human values and recognising the aspect of human dignity (Blasi & Jost, 2006). In essence, social justice enhances degree of economic egalitarianism through income redistribution, continuous taxation as well as property redistribution. Social justice system thus enhances incorporation of all members of the society to enjoy the resources in the community as well as encouraging all community members to participate in society matters (Ahrens, 2006) Law enforcement involves the aspect of making the community members follow the laid down rule the police officers do this. The judiciary plays a role in executing and interpreting laws it prosecutes those individuals who have broken the law. Criminology, which is the scientific study of causes, consequences and management of criminal behaviours in individuals, has a big impact on social and criminal justice. Incorporating other fields like psychology, philosophy and law provides a broader understanding of criminal and social justice. The fields make it easier for scholars in law to understand the community member’s behaviours in relation to criminal conduct. The overall study I have obtained while at Ashford University has had a significant impact on my knowledge and skills as well as shaping my way of thinking in the career. Personally, I have learnt from my fellow colleagues as well as the lecturers on certain specific skills in handling law issues. Indeed the law is broad and extensive, therefore understanding it has been made easy through the various discussions while learning. I shall apply the knowledge and skills I have acquired in various law firms or institutions that deal with law enforcements. I shall engage in research to identify new areas in criminal and social justice system that may help the entire community understand their role in maintaining law. Moreover,

Siemens Bribery Scandal Essay Example for Free

Siemens Bribery Scandal Essay Automobiles are now an indispensable way for citizens to go out for working and shopping. Cars have shaped the development of motorization, which leads to the increase in private car use. As a result of automobiles’ growing popularity, a network of roads is built to satisfy the need for car travelers. Therefore motorization finally stimulates urban sprawl, which is the spread of cities into impoverished and rural areas on the periphery of cities. Urban sprawl obviously has led to some serious social and environmental problems such as inequality in society and climate change. Several organizations support to develop advanced technology in order to restrict urban sprawl and decrease greenhouse gas emissions while some experts disapprove of this opinion. This essay will argue that technological solutions just reduce social and ecological pressure to delay the consequence. The reasons why it is impossible that technology can absolutely cope with these problems also will be explained in the essay. In terms of surroundings, at present technology is not perfect enough to protect the natural environment and to deal with the greenhouse effect throughout the world. According to Gonzalez (2005), urban sprawl promotes automobile industry and gasoline manufacturers, which eventually increase carbon emissions. The extensive use of private cars causes rising greenhouse gases, which create global warming. In addition, negative ecological influences can directly cause public health problems such as asthma and lung diseases (Freund and Martin, 2005). Although technology can partially reduce certain environmental strain, it may also create some additional problems (Gonzalez, 2005). For an instance, nuclear energy can indeed reduce carbon emission though the waste in a nuclear power plant can also pollute the environment. Moreover, Gonzalez (2005) stresses that scientists at present do not develop any technology to completely cope with climate change. It may take a long time and considerable resource to find an effective technological method. Thus, there is no efficient technology to deal with ecological problems like global warming. With respect to problems in society, technology cannot prohibit main reliance on automobiles. Motorized urban expansion brings severe social problems, such as food supply threats from loss of farmland, transport injustice and health problem. Urban sprawl increases reliance on automobile transport, which means more car owners, more frequent and longer trips and, therefore, more greenhouse gas emissions. Except harmful gas exhaustion from vehicles and annoying noise, dominance of private cars still does harm to citizens’ health, because the drivers exercise less and become fat. The crowded traffic degrades the shared space and makes squares and parks useless (Martin, 2007). It may be true that clean and energy-efficient automobile can be manufactured in science and technology. However, such technologies cannot stop the growth of travel distance (Martin, 2007). Furthermore, Martin (2005) claims that there is no or few technology available for problems of land consumption and the degradation of public space. Therefore, technological solution cannot categorically handle some serious problems such as the deterioration of public space and loss of farmland. Technological methods are expected to work out problems in society and environment. However, social and ecological injustice cannot be addressed by technology. People in poverty who are unable to afford personal cars have to live in the fringes of the city which has inadequate public transportation and infrastructures just like supermarkets and hospitals (Martin, 2007). In general, the edge of the city is industrialized, where factories emit harmful gases and let out waste into nearby rivers. Thus, the poor’s health problem is more serious than the citizens in the inner city. With different circles of people supplied with separately various resources, the imbalance between classes results in societal polarization, fragmentation and segregation (Martin 2007). As a result of inequality, people who want to have a better life migrate from rural area to urban area because of well-paid jobs in the city. More facilities and houses need to be constructed so as to fulfill the demand of increasing people in the centre of city. Construction of homes and commercial buildings in urban peripheries also consumes a lot of energy. Therefore uncontrolled urbanization leads to land consumption and loss of farmland, which decline the food production. In some way, technology can manufacture economical and fuel-efficient automobiles with shoddy materials so that the poor can afford this kind of car, whereas, it cannot cope with the gap between the rich and the poor. In addition, technological methods cannot intervene in collective civilization such as culture and social cohesion. Thus, social and ecological inequality cannot be intervened by technology in any way. To sum up, this essay has analyzed how motorized urban sprawl leads to social and environmental problems. The essay also explained that technological solutions are incapable of solving the ecological and social problems originating from urban sprawl due to the lack of core technology. Even if the competent technology appeared, it would be too late to solve these problems. The technology cannot stop people from relying on cars to go out. Public health problems are also one of the main consequences of increasing car use and industrialized countryside. Technology solutions ignore the underlying causes of global warming- urban sprawl. It is necessary to limit the expansion of cities and to efficiently use the limited area. Otherwise, environmental degradation could not be reversed at all. Governments should pay more attention to urban sprawl even give up some financial and political policy. No. of word: 890 References: Freund, P., Martin, G., â€Å"Fast Cars/Fast Foods: Hyper consumption and its Health and Environmental Consequences†, Frontiers of Sociology, The 37th World Congress of the International Institute of sociology, Stockholm, Sweden, 5-9, July 2005. Gonzalez, G.A (2005), â€Å"Urban Sprawl, Global Warming and the Limits of Ecological Modernisation†, Environmental Politics, 14:3, pp. 34-362. Martin, G., 2007, â€Å"Motorization, Social Ecology and China†, Area, Vol. 39:1, pp. 66-73.

Hereditary fructose intolerance Essay Example for Free

Hereditary fructose intolerance Essay Enzymes are proteins that increase the rate of chemical activity. Their three dimensional structure determines their function, and is made of chains of amino acids that have folded into a specific shape with a unique property. Enzymes lower the activation energy needed for a chemical reaction, therefore speeding up the process. Multiple enzymes work together in metabolic pathways, taking a product (end result) of one metabolic reaction as a substrate (substance or molecule at start of process) for another reaction. Metabolic pathways create the avenue for fructolysis, the breakdown (catabolism) of fructose, occurring in the liver, and in muscle and fat tissue. Most of fructose obtained by diet is metabolized in the liver, where the enzyme fructokinase is abundant. This enzyme phosphorylates the substrate (fructose) into fructose-1-phosphate, which is then split into glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone phosphate, both three carbon molecules that can enter the glycolytic pathway for further oxidation and energy production. Enzymes are specific to a substrate, meaning they have an active spot on the enzyme that will only work with a specific shape of a particular substance (substrate). Aldolase B deficiency Aldolase B is an enzyme found predominantly in the liver that plays a major role in fructose metabolism. In hereditary fructose intolerance (HFI), individuals have a build up of fructose 1- phosphate (F1P), due to the absence or deficiency of aldolaseB, necessary to break down F1P into the two three carbon molecules utilized in the glycolytic pathway. The F1P is toxic to cells and tissues in the body, causing phosphate to become unusable, and depleting phosphate storage and energy. The decreasing phosphate levels cause glycogenolysis in the liver to halt, affecting blood sugar levels. Persons with HFI can exhibit symptoms of vomiting, trembling, nausea, lethargy, hypoglycemia, hepatomegaly (enlarged liver), and jaundice after consuming foods containing fructose. These persons must avoid fructose to avoid the build up of F1P in their body, having a deficiency in aldolase B needed to metabolize the F1P. Fructose 1-phosphate Fructose is a monosaccharide, and has the same chemical formula as glucose, but a different structure. Fructose, a simple sugar found in honey, fruits, or even table sugar, is phosphoylated in the liver by the enzyme fructokinase, or in cells by enzyme hexokinase, to form fructose 1-phospahate. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) supplies the phosphate group for both reactions. Aldolase B further breaks down the product (F1P) of fructolysis, (similar to glycolosis, just with fructose, instead of glucose) into two trioses. Role of aldolase B in breakdown of fructose Aldolase B is located mainly in liver of body and ensures second part of fructose metabolism is carried out. Aldolase B breaks down fructose-1-phosphate into two trioses, glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone phosphate (USNLM, 2012). Both of these three-carbon molecules are needed for further enzymatic processes in our bodies. Case 2- Mitochondrial disease Mitochondrial disease is a complex failure of mitochondrial functions. Mitochondria supply most of the energy utilized in the body, and when not functioning properly, decreased energy production cause system failure that create cell injury and cell death. The person with this affliction faces serious health concerns, as there is no cure for mitochondrial disease, only symptom management. Cori cycle The Cori cycle occurs in liver cells, cells lacking mitochondria, and is important part in anaerobic glycolysis. Pyruvate, a product of glycolysis, is converted to lactate through anaerobic respiration. Anaerobic glycolysis produces lactate from breaking down glycogen in muscles. The lactate produced in skeletal muscle by anaerobic glycolysis is transported to liver after being released into bloodstream, for conversion to glucose. Then glucose is returned to muscle in blood for energy and glycogen replenishment (King, 2012). Glucose being consumed and resynthesized at the expense of ATP and GTP hydrolysis is termed by scientists as a â€Å"futile cycle† because it takes more energy (ATP) than is produced, with a net loss of 4 ATP (Wiley, 2012). This indicates that if the conversion of lactate to glucose occurred in same cell, the energy reserves of the cell would be depleted, because the 2 ATP produced by glycolysis would be offset by the 6 ATP needed for a gluconeogenesis, to convert lactate into glucose for muscle replenishment. This continued cycle would cause an energy deficit, as the muscles glycogen stores are minimal, so the energy reserves would be depleted rapidly. Citric acid cycle During step 5 of the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle), a phosphate is bonded to the succinyl complex, once containing coenzyme A. This phosphate is then transferred to a GDP molecule, to be converted into a GTP molecule. This GTP molecule will give a phosphate to ADP to make an ATP for energy. A defect in this step would prevent an increased conversion of ADP to ATP when energy needs rise. Initially, acetyl CoA combines with oxaloacetate to make a citrate molecule. The citrate is isomerized to form isocitrate, which then is oxidized by NAD. This creates an unstable molecule that releases a CO2 molecule, creating alpha-ketoglutarate. Now, the acetyl CoA that was released in first step returns to oxidize the alpha-ketoglutarate and initiate conversion to succinyl-coenzyme A complex. A free H2O donates its hydrogen to the coenzyme A, and a free phosphate comes in to replace the coenzyme A. This newly bonded phosphate will be transferred to GDP molecule as indicated previously, for conver sion to GTP, then ADP, and finally ATP for energy. Coenzyme Q10 Coenzyme Q10 ( CoQ10) is found in cell membranes, and is critical in all cells in producing ATP (energy) for the body. CoQ10 carries electrons from enzyme complex I and II to complex III in mitochondria. This transfer of electrons in the electron transport chain (ETC) pushes hydrogen through the inner cell membrane to make a proton gradient needed by ATP synthase to make ATP (Wikipedia, 2012). CoQ10 is the lone molecule that does this task in ETC, and is vital to this function of ATP production in cells. References King, Michael W, PhD. (2012). Gluconeogenesis: Glucose synthesis. Retrieved from The Medical Biochemistry Page website: http://themedicalbiochemistrypage.org/gluconeogenesis.php U.S. National Library of Medicine. (2012). ALDOB. Retrieved from http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/ALDOB Wikipedia. (2012). Coenzyme Q10. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coenzyme_Q10 Wiley, John. (2012). Interactive Concepts in Biochemistry: The Cori Cycle. Retrieved from http://www.wiley.com/college/boyer/0470003790/animations/cori_cycle/cori_cycle.htm

European Model Of Corporate Governance

European Model Of Corporate Governance Corporate governance comes into play in cases where the management of the organization has to be carried out by a manager or a group of managers who are not the owners of the organization. In essence, corporate governance is implemented by a business financers in order to monitor and regulate the organizations utilization of their investments (Becht, Chapelle Renneboog, 2000). In this case, the individuals hired to manage the business are paid employees and are responsible for the effective execution of the organizations processes. As a result of this arrangement, it is only natural for a separation to exist between the ownership of the organization and the management of the organization (Brickley, Coles Jarrell, 1997). While this may appear to be a simple concept, modern day business models have allowed corporate governance models to develop rapidly over the last few years and this has led to the development of differing corporate governance models. The implementation of these cor porate governance models generally varies in accordance with the region in which the organization is functioning and the nature of business of the organization. This paper will attempt to compare and contrast the Anglo-American model and the European Model of Corporate Governance. The paper will attempt to perform this comparison in order to ascertain which of the two models more accurately reflect emerging corporate trends. Furthermore, the discussion will make international comparisons based on a variety of different economies. Before moving on with the discussion, it is essential to come to terms with the role of the board of directors of the organization. The board of directors play a pivotal role in corporate governance models. This is because of the fact that they serve as the bridge between the stakeholders of the organization and the management team responsible for the organizations processes (Brickley, Coles Jarrell, 1997). The sensitivity of the role of the board of directors can be judged through the fact that an extensive degree of research has been performed on the functions and composition of the board of directors. Regardless of the corporate culture in the organization, the board of directors remains present as a critical connection between the organizations human capital and the organizations stakeholders. Another reason because of which the board of directors are given extensive relevance is the fact that almost all corporate governance models look towards the board of directors when it com es to the implementation of the corporate governance models (Becht, Chapelle Renneboog, 2000). The characteristics of the board of directors tend to vary with regard to the size of the organization, the region/regions in which the organization is functioning, the existence of the company as a listed or unlisted company and the industry/industries in which the organization is operating. A practical example of the implementation of the European model of corporate governance and the Anglo-American model of corporate governance can be observed in the case of the US and Europe respectively (Brickley, Coles Jarrell, 1997). In Europe, a small number of investors are capable of making pivotal investment decisions and these decisions are generally aligned with the interests of the selected investors responsible for the decisions. In comparison, the system generally followed and proffered in the US calls for the inclusion of multiple opinions and perspectives (Becht, Chapelle Renneboog, 2000). The corporate strategy that is developed and eventually implemented is not finalized until all the investors are and shareholders are in unanimous agreement. Managements role In the case of the Anglo-American countries, it is often considered that the Anglo-American system of corporate governance gives unquestioning support to the management (Becht, Chapelle Renneboog, 2000). This creates a scenario in which the management appears to have a role that is limited to the short run and does not encompass the long run. It can therefore be surmised that the management, in the case of the Anglo-American system of corporate governance, frequently communicates with the stakeholders. As a result, managers in the Anglo-American system of corporate governance try to implement strategies that will show outcomes within the span of a year or two (Brickley, Coles Jarrell, 1997). In comparison, when the management implements the European model of corporate governance, decisions are taken with outcomes expected around five years. In such cases, the shareholders generally hold more decision making authority than that which is given to the managers. Furthermore, controllin g and holding structures are significantly common in organizations making use of the European model of corporate governance. In such cases, the European model of corporate governance is also often referred to as the concentrated shareholder model because of the extensive authority that it gives to the shareholders. This concentration of ownership can often lead to the development of complications in cases where financial resources have to play their part (Becht, Chapelle Renneboog, 2000). The number of equity suppliers is generally deficient in the European model of corporate governance because of the concentration of ownership. Another characteristic of the European model of corporate governance that merits highlighting at this point is that which pertains to the role of the capital market. The capital market holds importance for corporate governance on account of the fact that the developments in the capital market have a direct influence on the corporate controls of the organization (Brickley, Coles Jarrell, 1997). While the Anglo-American model of corporate governance relies heavily on the capital market and seeks to takeover threats in the capital market, the European model of corporate governance gives primary relevance to the stakeholders. Internal Differences Labour motivation is a critically important factor when it comes to the organizations performance. Since labour in the European model of corporate governance is always a part of the decision making process, it is generally more motivated than the labour force in the Anglo-American model of corporate governance. Since the labour is relatively highly motivated, they choose to contribute to the organizations development aggressively (Brickley, Coles Jarrell, 1997). This active participation on the labours part tends to place a limitation on the degree to which the supervisory board can exercise authority (Hanson Song, 2000). Influences of the labours active participation can generally be seen in the development of the organizations human resource management policies. The realist theory of codetermination understands co-determination as labour representation. Labour as the most important stakeholder group besides the shareholders should be represented and have a right to participate in the decision making on the level of the second board, i.e. the advisory board in the two-tier-board system (Hanson Song, 2000). Co-determination as representation does not aim at consent about all matters of corporate governance. It is rather geared towards the right to participate and to be included and heard in corporate governance for the sake of workers recognition as well as for the sake of other stakeholders of the firm because workers participation in decision-making enhances the quality of board decisions. If the shareholders prevent the shirking of the employees of the firm according to the theory of the firm introduced by Alchian and Demsetz (1996), codetermination by labour results analogously in the prevention of shirking by shareholders and managers th at causes damage to labour as shirking by employees causes damage to the shareholders. If the shareholders and/or managers do not perform optimally labour will prevent them from shirking, from not making their contractual contributions to the firm. Industrial relations are traditionally better in continental Europe than in the USA which leads to higher work place satisfaction and higher identification with the firm (Becht, Chapelle Renneboog, 2000). These, in turn, cause higher productivity rates. In the last two decades since 1988, the process of the globalization of capital markets seemed to support the shareholder principle, not the participation principle. In the context of globalization As globalization continues to influence the development of the global economy, corporate governance also becomes subjected to standardization based on the successful implementation of strategies by management teams around the world (Hanson Song, 2000). The case of General Motors and Ford presents an excellent example in this regard. General Motors and Ford have produced in Germany in huge production sites for over seventy years and did not find it unprofitable to adjust to codetermination legislation which is about 35 years old in 2008. In the European institutional setting, there is a greater complexity on the second board level that causes certain additional costs. There is, however, also the gain of additional information about the firm and of greater labour alignment with the aims of the firm as a result of labour representation in corporate governance on the level of the second board level. The participation or co-determination principle can increase corporate performance if it is understood as a principle of representation and not as a consensus principle and if it is instituted together with the control principle of hostile takeovers (Hanson Song, 2000). Codetermination as representation of the employees on the board increases the learning capacity of the organization and also fulfils a pacification function in conflict situations within the enterprise as long as the majority vote of the shareholders or owners is safeguarded. The synthesis between the Anglo-American principle of the capital market as the market for corporate control and the German principle of co-determination as employee representation in corporate governance on the second board level is possible, even under conditions of globalization (Becht, Chapelle Renneboog, 2000). The point to which the two systems of corporate governance, the USA and the Continental European, converge to is the strengthening of capital market control of management in Europe and the strengthening of labour repr esentation in corporate governance in the USA. The purpose of the firm Another difference between the Anglo-American and the Continental European theories of corporate governance concerns the idea of the purpose of the firm (Lipton Lorsch, 1992). The purpose of an institutional part or subsystem of a society is the major resource from which ethical analysis and decision-making draws from since the purpose of action is the most important and defining feature of an action. The purpose of any human action is the major criterion for the ethical assessment of an action or institution (Becht, Chapelle Renneboog, 2000). The reason is that the purpose or aim of an action or institution is the central cause of an action or institution and, therefore, the central criterion for its success and value in economic, cultural and ethical respect. Ethics gives the conditions under which value creation must take place as constraining and as enabling conditions (Hanson Song, 2000). Value creation can take place under the neglect of the personal right of the person or of human dignity if the market conditions cause such groups of individuals to have a weak competitive position. If there is an over-supply of labour its competitive position is weak. The law might have to protect human dignity against exploitation and abuse when competition in the market does not preserve the human rights of the market participants (Becht, Chapelle Renneboog, 2000). Situations of prisoners dilemma in which it is advantageous for the individual to behave opportunistically require the affirmation of ethical and legal rules independent of the utility calculus of the acting individual. Loyalty to contracts e.g. is a principle that cannot be derived from individual utility maximization for each act but must be asserted by the individual on its own meri t for ethical reasons (Thompson Wright, 1995). It can only be justified by rule utilitarianism for the general rule and not by act utilitarianism for each single act. This implies that one has the duty to be loyal to a contract even if a more advantageous contract is available instead. The non-conditional hyper-norm of the economy must be distinguished from the second order positive norms of the institutional setting of business. Some of these positive norms are sometimes suggested to be ethical or normal rules of the first order although they are in fact norms or virtues of economic organization that imply some degree of freedom of specification although their organization touches on ethical virtues, or norms of the second order. The European model of the firm emphasizes that the firm is a multi-purpose institution in which shareholder value plays the central but not the only role (Becht RÃ ¶ell, 1999). The Anglo-American model of the firm emphasizes shareholder value as the onl y or last purpose of the firm to which the other (stakeholder) purposes are instrumental or, at least, functional. At this point, the development will go in the direction of the European model since it is more inclusive and interprets the stakeholders to be of more then instrumental value to the firm. The recent global recession has led to the development of a scenario in which it has become imperative for organizations to exercise corporate governance. It therefore comes as no surprise that the last few years have seen a significant increase in the volume of literature on corporate governance. Furthermore, the increasing trends in globalization and the rapid developments in international businesses have placed organizations in a position where it has become crucial for them to revisit their corporate governance methodologies (Becht RÃ ¶ell, 1999). These recent changes in corporate governance, and the processes of globalization that have induced them, are obviously of historic proportion, radically altering as they have economic, political and social structures. The stakes in these reforms are high and they may be literally life and death for the most vulnerable organizations. Conclusion In the literature of corporate governance, there has been an on-going debate about whether financial or banking models are more effective. As noted above, it is currently being argued that the key to effectiveness does not depend upon whether a country adopts one or the other model, but whether it has a well-functioning legal system which allows for the timely enforcement of contracts. If this position is correct, then the ability of developing countries to enforce a model of corporate governance may be ultimately tied to larger questions of democratic political reform a prospect which many critics feel is being undermined by the very forces of globalization promoting an Anglo American model of governance. An important question that the experience of developing countries raises but one which it was not possible to systematically investigate in this issue is whether individual countries acting alone will be able to effectively enforce an Anglo-American model of governance in a globa l economy. The above discussion attempted to present an in depth insight into the differences between the Anglo-American model of corporate governance and the European model of corporate governance. The discussion made it clear that the fundamental distinction between the two models lies in the fact that they are present in differing business contexts (Warner, Watts Wruck, 1988). These contexts are dictated by the shareholder identity, shareholder concentration, stock liquidity and interlocking ownership. It can be observed here that there is a difference between the two approaches in how they address the two issues of ownership and control. The strengthening of labour representation in the American firm can improve the firms ability to discover chances and weaknesses within the organization and to use this knowledge for increased performance. The strengthening of the market for corporate control through a more active capital market in Europe will improve the performance of management. Furthermore, globalization will move corporate governance in the direction of such a synthesis. It is likely that this model will radiate to the global market. The question of whether economies will converge towards a common corporate Anglo-American governance system, or sustain the present diversity of institutions is one of the key issues facing countries in Europe, the Asia Pacific and throughout the rest of the world (Malette Hogler, 1995). Lower economic growth and higher unemployment in Europe compared to the Anglo-American countries since the mid-1990s, undermined some of the confidence in Europes social model (though by 2005 Germany had returned to its former position as the worlds largest exporter). Despite the pressures towards adopting Anglo-Saxon modes of corporate governance, the divergences in both the policy and practice of corporate governance in Europe have thus far resisted any move towards European standards. However with greater market integration and the developing influence of Anglo-American institutional investors, it is possible the market will play a greater role. Yet debates on company law harmonization in the Eur opean Union have been held up by countries not wishing to see elements of their own systems of corporate governance disappear in the process. One explanation for this impasse is the institutional complementarily thesis which justifies the continuing diversity of systems, rejecting the one-best-way strategy adopted by the convergence thesis. Instead a plurality of models is assumed, each corresponding to local circumstances, supported by a cluster of social norms and regulation, enabling balanced economic development. It can also be argued that the Anglo-American models can serve as an effective method for breaking unhealthy state business relationships and imposing more discipline on domestic corporations (Yermack, 1996). The diversity of corporate models is valuable and is rooted in societal characteristics that together shape the competitiveness of the different models. Though shareholder value may be gaining ground due to the influence of Anglo-Saxon institutional investors, a stakeholder approach is closer to the reality of European social democracies, and the outcome of the confrontation between the two competing philosophies is highly uncertain. It is unlikely that imported Anglo-Saxon capital market related features of corporate governance will work well with Continental labor-related aspects of corporate governance as represented in supervisory boards. It is likely any such European compromise would be more unstable than existing systems. The attractiveness of the Anglo-American finance and governance institutions permeated with inequality and subject to recurrent severe market cycles and financial crisis is open to question as a model for universal applicability. Indeed the damaging consequen ces of the 2008 financial crisis will impact severely upon the world economy, and could well dislodge the faith that the market based governance system is the only rational and efficient one for the future. It is more likely that solutions will be found to pressing problems of equity, sustainability and innovation in a diversity of finance and governance systems, responsive to deeper and wider concerns than the self-interest of the executives who control corporations, financial institutions and hedge funds. The paper served to clarify that while the Anglo-American model of corporate governance seeks to implement external discipline methodologies. This entails the concentration of the organizations resources and attention towards elements such as proxy fights in the competitive landscape, handling liability management claims and the sustenance of management reputation. The Anglo-American model of corporate governance is somewhat aggressive and appears to be a model that continuously demands the organization to function as a challenger in the competitive landscape. In comparison, the European model of corporate governance seeks to make use of extensive alignment between the organizations stakeholders. The external methodologies brought into use by the European model of corporate governance tend to increase coordination and communication across the organization in an attempt to streamline the organizations functions in accordance with the organizations objectives. In addition, the European model of corporate governance also seeks to ensure that the organizations objectives are understood and that the management, stakeholders and board of directors are in mutual agreement on the objectives of the organization. The comparison of the two corporate governance models has served to reveal that the Anglo-American model of corporate governance is an aggressive corporate governance model and in order to exercise the Anglo-American model of corporate governance the organization needs to have a strong foundation (Wolfenzon, 1998). This is because of the fact that the Anglo-American model of corporate governance often requires the managers to make decisions that are in favour of their own perspectives and require over-investment. In this case, the managers do not seek the approval of external stakeholders and proceed with the implementation of their decisions. In this regard, the European model of corporate governance comes forth as the preferred corporate governance model. This is because of the fact that the European model of corporate governance gives the organization the margin of deciding on an orientation that is best suited for the competitive landscape in which the organization is functioning (Wolfenzon, 1998). While the Anglo American model of corporate governance demands that the organization plays aggressively continuously, the European model of corporate governance gives the organization the margin it needs to adapt to changing needs. As a result, the organization can choose to function passively and steadily when it chooses; and functions aggressively when it chooses. In essence, the increased communication and coordination between the strategic, operational and tactical elements of the organization allows the organization to ensure that it does not get exposed to any high-risk scenarios. The recommendation of the European model of corporate governance is based on the pretext that recent global economic trends have proved that it is feasible for organizations to adopt an organization that minimizes their exposure to risk. Managerial reputation and status cannot be given importance over the organizations sustained growth because most organizations that have been successful in the last few decades have chosen to follow their expansion strategies with consistency; regardless of the speed at which they grew. While some organizations chose to grow rapidly by intentionally engaging in high-risk investments, others chose to implement the European model of corporate governance by reducing their risk exposure. Organizations such as these proceeded by studying internal and external scenarios closely before finalizing and implementing a strategy. It is because of this reason that such organizations were able to minimize the degree to which they were impacted by the recent global recession. It can be observed that the European model of corporate governance requires the management to engage in a level of coordination that the Anglo-American model of corporate governance does not call for. As a result, the European model of corporate governance places the management in a position where every decision that materializes into action is of a nature such that is supports the organization and is not influenced by a desire to drive up managerial reputation and status. Another key reason because of which the European model of corporate governance is recommended over the Anglo-American model of corporate governance is because the European model of corporate governance satisfies the need for the generation of shareholder profitability. The Anglo-American model of corporate governance does not give primary relevance to shareholder profitability because the authority to make investment decisions is placed and limited in the hands of a few individuals. In comparison to this, the European model of corporate governance places the organization in a position where the generation of shareholder profitability enables the organization to attract more investors. In this regard, it would be just to bring the paper to a concluding note with the statement that the European model of corporate governance accurately reflects emerging corporate trends. The examples and elaborations presented in the above discussion make it clear that the European model of corporate go vernance responds far more adequately to modern day business needs than the Anglo-American model of corporate governance.

Beef Customer Satisfaction :: essays research papers

Executive Director, Issues Management — NCBA Summary The checkoff-funded beef safety tracking survey conducted in November 2004 found that fresh beef steaks/roasts remained the protein with the highest consumer confidence in safety. The survey asks consumers to give grades to foods for being safe to eat and 76 percent of survey respondents gave steak/roast an A or B for safety. Background The beef safety tracking surveys are quarterly telephone surveys of a national, random sample of U.S. adults. Vegetarians do not answer the survey. The margin of error for survey data is plus/minus 3.2 percent. General food safety The percentage of Americans giving U.S. food in general an A or B for safety has remained relatively stable with some small fluctuations in the past year. However, this survey found the percentage of A/B grades (70%) significantly lower than in November 2003 (74%) and at the lowest score since November 2002 (69%). The November 2004 score is much lower than the 77 percent measured during the last survey in May 2004. Safety of specific fresh foods The safety ratings for specific fresh foods remained stable during the past year with no significant differences in the ratings in November 2004. Fresh fruits and vegetables are consistently at the top of the list when it comes to safety grades given to specific fresh foods one might buy in a grocery store. Fresh beef steaks and roasts receive the highest meat product safety grade (76%). Tied for second place with 70 percent of consumers grading A or B were fresh pork chops and microwaveable foods. Foods with lower consumer safety grades were fresh ground beef (64%), fresh chicken (63%), fresh fish (60%), fresh ground pork (56%) and pre-prepared foods from the deli (52%). Specific concerns regarding food safety The safety tracking survey asks consumers to rate their level of concern about specific safety issues on a 5-point scale, with one being not concerned and five being extremely concerned. The percentage of â€Å"top two† scores (4-5 ratings on the scale) indicate the issues of greatest concern. Safety issues tend not to be top of mind with consumers, evidenced by the fact that safety issues barely register when consumers state reasons for eating less beef. However, when asked to think about specific safety concerns, bacteria (62%) and pesticides (62%) top the list. Consumer concerns about chemical additives (58%) and mad cow disease (57%) make up a second tier of safety concerns. Concerns about mad cow disease did not increase significantly as a result of the first U.S. case of Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE) in December 2003, and in fact, currently are significantly lower than the 61 percent concern level measured in November 2003.

Piaget and Vygotsky: The Psychology of Cognitive Development Essay

This essay concerns the psychology of cognitive development. Cognitive development can be explained in terms of the acquisition, construction and progressive change in thought processes such as memory, problem-solving and decision-making that occurs from childhood to adulthood (in Smith, P.K., Cowie, H & Blades, M. 2003). Major pioneers in this area and whose work has been the foundation of much research in cognitive psychology are among Jean Piaget’s (1926) and Lev Vygotksy’s (1978). A common understanding between the two rest on the idea that cognitive development in children occurs through stages, however, their approach in identifying these stages highly differ (in Smith P.K. et al., 2003). Piaget’s account of cognitive development has been one of the many influential theories of time, receiving great recognition and popularity. According to Piaget children possess an innate capacity to learn human language and skills and are born with and acquire schemas (in Smith P.K. et al., 2003). Schemas are an internal representation of our surroundings which construct of a framework of cognitive processes that help us organise or interpret situations formal (in Passer, M., Smith, R., Holt, N., Bremner, A., Sutherland, E., & Vliek, M. 2009). Piaget proposed that cognitive development was restricted if schemas did not reach a threshold level (in Smith P.K. et al., 2003). In addition, Piaget further theorised that children actively construct their own world as a means of understanding their environment. The more actively engaged a child is with their environment, the more they will learn (in Smith P.K. et al., 2003). Along with this, Piaget contended that children need to be psychologically mature in order to understand the world a... ...ialisation (in Smith P.K. et al., 2003). Moreover, Siegler, (1986 in Passer, M. et al., 2009) argued that Piaget’s stages seemed to be incompatible with reality claiming that children are able to perform tasks that are ascribed to a specific stage in a different stage therefore not being consistent with Piaget’s assumptions. In conclusion, it is evident that both Piaget and Vygotsky acknowledge cognitive development in children as a process and view the child as an active learner. However, it is important that we distinguish between their different stages of development. Works Cited Smith, P.K., Cowie, H. & Baldes, M. (2003). Understanding children’s development. (4th ed.). Oxford: Blackwell. Passer, M., Smith, R., Holt, N., Bremner, A., Sutherland, E., & Vliek, M. (2009). Psychology; Science of Mind and Behaviour. (European Edition). New York.

The Cranes :: Literary Analysis, Peter Meinke

â€Å"The Cranes† by Peter Meinke appears to be a simple love story about an old couple reminiscing about their life, but with a closer look the story reveals a darker component of love. The story follows an old couple’s stop at the Gulf to watch some birds. While they are watching the birds they spot two whooping cranes. Throughout their conversation and observation of the birds Meinke reveals details that the couples and the cranes share in common. Thus, the pair of whooping cranes viewed by the couple in story symbolizes both their rarity, eternal love, and their last moments together. The couple in the story is a couple that has been together a long time and persevered through life together. When they first see the whooping cranes the husband says â€Å"they are rare, not many left† (196). This is the point in the story where the first connection between the couple and the cranes are made. The rarity of the cranes symbolizes the rarity of the couple’s relationship. Although they have started developing anomalies in their health, with the husband he â€Å"can’t smoke, can’t drink martinis, no coffee, no candy† (197)  ¬Ã¢â‚¬â€they are still able to laugh with each other and appreciate nature’s beauty. Their relationship is a true oddity; filled with lasting love. However this lasting love for whooping cranes has caused some problems for the species. The whooping cranes are â€Å"almost extinct†; this reveals a problem of the couple. The rare love that they have is almost extinct as well. The wife worries about her children because the â€Å"kids never write† (197). This reveals the communication gap between the two generations, as well as the different values between the generations. These different values are a factor into the extinction of true love. Another similarity between the whooping cranes and the couple is true, lasting love. The whooping cranes â€Å"mate for life and live a long time† (197), which is a rare trait in the animal kingdom. The commitment the cranes have with each other mirrors the couples commitment to each other; having remained with each other through all those years. Even with hardships in the relationships, they endured and stayed together while some couples may have given up on the relationship. Although their love has endured through many years, it has come to an end in the story. All throughout the story the couple is reminiscing about their life and while they are there are some odd details that are strewn throughout. The Cranes :: Literary Analysis, Peter Meinke â€Å"The Cranes† by Peter Meinke appears to be a simple love story about an old couple reminiscing about their life, but with a closer look the story reveals a darker component of love. The story follows an old couple’s stop at the Gulf to watch some birds. While they are watching the birds they spot two whooping cranes. Throughout their conversation and observation of the birds Meinke reveals details that the couples and the cranes share in common. Thus, the pair of whooping cranes viewed by the couple in story symbolizes both their rarity, eternal love, and their last moments together. The couple in the story is a couple that has been together a long time and persevered through life together. When they first see the whooping cranes the husband says â€Å"they are rare, not many left† (196). This is the point in the story where the first connection between the couple and the cranes are made. The rarity of the cranes symbolizes the rarity of the couple’s relationship. Although they have started developing anomalies in their health, with the husband he â€Å"can’t smoke, can’t drink martinis, no coffee, no candy† (197)  ¬Ã¢â‚¬â€they are still able to laugh with each other and appreciate nature’s beauty. Their relationship is a true oddity; filled with lasting love. However this lasting love for whooping cranes has caused some problems for the species. The whooping cranes are â€Å"almost extinct†; this reveals a problem of the couple. The rare love that they have is almost extinct as well. The wife worries about her children because the â€Å"kids never write† (197). This reveals the communication gap between the two generations, as well as the different values between the generations. These different values are a factor into the extinction of true love. Another similarity between the whooping cranes and the couple is true, lasting love. The whooping cranes â€Å"mate for life and live a long time† (197), which is a rare trait in the animal kingdom. The commitment the cranes have with each other mirrors the couples commitment to each other; having remained with each other through all those years. Even with hardships in the relationships, they endured and stayed together while some couples may have given up on the relationship. Although their love has endured through many years, it has come to an end in the story. All throughout the story the couple is reminiscing about their life and while they are there are some odd details that are strewn throughout.

Diverse Family Structures

There are many situations that are included in the description of what a diverse family structure represents, and homelessness is one revelation. After watching the video of Mr. Keiley, the teacher from the Monarch School, I reflected on his comments regarding teaching and homelessness and found that I did not share his beliefs about if the child’s parents are struggling then the children will struggle as well. As the classroom teacher I would not assume that the child’s success or failure is a direct result of the parent.There are many times when the parent is doing everything they can to help the child’s success in the classroom but they simply are not able to accomplish the goal they have set. Despite the circumstances children are often times very resilient and able to accomplish quite a bit. Just as in the video, Mr. Keiley was shocked to learn that the child was homeless, but was able to come to school and do remarkably well despite her personal situation. While at school, she focused on doing her absolute best and did not let the fact that she was homeless affect her thirst for knowledge.She was able to put things in perspective and focus on what needed to be done in the setting she was in, just as she is probably able to do what she needs to do when not in school to adapt to the situation of homelessness. As the classroom teacher, if I were aware of a student with these same or similar issues of homelessness I would continue to do all that I could for this student academically. I would allow the student to come to class early or stay late if they wanted in order to have access to materials, technology, and resources to do their work.I would also make sure that they had ample opportunity to complete assignments as well as provide any material that they would need. By providing information to resources and informing the family of programs designed to help diverse families would be a definite goal. I would also contact organizations to provide donations to families in need so that they could get clothing, food, and even school supplies. I would definitely want to make a connection with the families at this school, but I would not want to embarrass them either.I would first make them comfortable with me by not being judgmental and showing empathy. I would make sure that they were aware of particular services that could benefit them, and encourage them to take part in community events that were open to everyone so that they would not feel singled out. Of course if they were open to me about their situation and comfortable about expressing what their needs were, I would help them in any and all ways I could to better their situation.I would provide them with not only information but services that are offered to families in their situation such as shelters and pantries. There are quite a few strategies that I would utilize in order to support a consistent, effective, and reliable learning environment. According to ou r text they list materials, interactions, and questions as ways to support diverse families and children in the program and classroom. By incorporating students experiences, interests and real-life situations into the instruction is a key strategy that helps support the learning environment.This way you can provide meaningful learning opportunities for students to help them feel a connection to what they are learning and make sense of it if it relates to them in some way. Another strategy I would use is to promote cross cultural understandings and the importance of diversity. This will make families feel important and as though they matter. I would also provide essential support for students who appeared to be struggling with the content by selecting and utilizing a variety of technology that supports the student learning.Lastly, by making lesson connections to the community, society, and current events will help tremendously in supporting a consistent, effective, and reliable learn ing environment. An excellent source to implement this strategy is the TEL (Tennessee Electronic Library) which is found on the Tennessee Department of Education website link http://tntel. tnsos. org/index. htm. With these strategies in place, I have no doubt that the learning environment I provide will surely be consistent, effective, and reliable for the children in my class.

Place You Have Visited for a Holiday

Cameron Highlands is the sm t start ensembleest govern in the reconcile of Pahang which is determined in the north- wolframern corner of the state. iodine of the wonders of Malaysia, it is the largest and nearly famous hill retrogress in the country. This highland paradise quench retains often of the charm of an English village. macrocosm a primarily agricultural do important, you pass on stick an abundance of ve explicateatimebles and fruits farms hither. Cameron Highlands is also the prima(p) manufacturer of f debases and tea in Malaysia. Be inclined(p) for a lovely gage of terrible f first-class honours degreeers you wont gain vigor favorable elsewhither in Malaysiaset(p) on the Titiwangsa Range at around 1500 metres supra sea-level, the temperature present sens down to 16 ? C or lower at certain times. Cameron Highlands is made up of 4 of import townsfolkshipshipshipships followed by littler settlements at different vizors. The graduation exercise tow n from the s erupth is curl, followed by Tanah Rata, Brinchang, Kea bring on, Tringkap, Kuala Terla and Kampung raja. Ringlet If youre ride via the old pass from Tapah, this is the first town you leave alone reach. Located at an elevation of 1,200 metres above sea-level, Ringlet is one of the main agricultural hub for the highlands.Bertam Valleywhich is locate virtually 5km a stylus is one of the main tiptop and vegetable producers in Cameron highlands. You riding habit notice any hotels here in Ringlet. The close hotel is the LakeHouse which is less then 10 transactions a management. This is also the pasture to claim up on post if youre low on supply. Tanah Rata Further up is Tanah Rata which is or so 12 kms (20 legal proceeding drive) from Ringlet. This is the administrative capital of Cameron Highlands where the government offices, hospital and the district police station is primed(p).The main quite a little station is also regain here and this is where you would be able to get your merchant vessels needs within and out of the highlands choose out. Most of the chalets and backpackers accommodation is located here in and around Tanah Rata, some all the jungle trekking and waterfall trails starts from here. local anaesthetic anaesthetic checks and transfers out of Cameron Highlands trick be obtained from the sundry(a) tour operators in town. Money changers and network cafes can also be assemble here. Tanah Rata would be a nice run to respect the highlands, especially during the weekdays.It is much more(prenominal) quieter comp atomic number 18d to Brinchang where more or less of the big hotels and restaurants are located. Brinchang adjacent is Brinchang which is nigh 4 kms (10 minutes drive) from Tanah Rata. This is where you provide catch out to the highest degree of the hotels and restaurants. The iniquity market which is open all Saturday iniquity and on holidays, features all kinds of vegetables, flowers, fr uits and new(prenominal) products of the highlands. This place can get rattling herd during the weekends and holiday season. Traffic jams and park problems can be a incubus during this time.Next to Ringlet, this is the only other town with gaseous state place so keep your fuel tank in check. Kea Farm, Tringkap, Kuala Terla & Kampung Raja beyond Brinchang, the road leads to all the way to good-for-naught Valley. Most of the tourist drifter are located around this route. This is where you allow find the markets, vegetable farms, flower gardens, bee gardens and fleet gardens. The road also branches out to the Sungai dak tea plantation from here where you can take in the factory or endure a cup of tea eyepatch enjoying the dyspnoeal view of the plantation.If you continue on the main road manoeuvering north, it will be downhill from Kea Farm onwards. You will see vegetables farms all the way from here to Tringkap and beyond. Tringkap is a bittie demesne residential ar ea where you can find horse barn along the road selling local produce. 15 minutes away is Kuala Terla, other small farming community. Kampung Raja is the terminal town on the map. Since the opening of the Simpang Pulai road, this town has operate the gateway to the highlands from the north. From here, you can head west to Ipoh or east to Gua Musang in Kelantan.Place You Have Visited for a holidayCameron Highlands is the smallest district in the state of Pahang which is located in the north-western corner of the state. One of the wonders of Malaysia, it is the largest and most famous hill resort in the country. This highland paradise still retains much of the charm of an English village. Being a primarily agricultural domain, you will find an abundance of vegetables and fruits farms here. Cameron Highlands is also the leading producer of flowers and tea in Malaysia. Be prepared for a lovely sight of extraordinary flowers you wont see flourishing elsewhere in MalaysiaLocated on t he Titiwangsa Range at about 1500 metres above sea-level, the temperature here can drop to 16 ? C or lower at certain times. Cameron Highlands is made up of 4 main townships followed by smaller settlements at different elevations. The first town from the southwesterly is Ringlet, followed by Tanah Rata, Brinchang, Kea Farm, Tringkap, Kuala Terla and Kampung Raja. Ringlet If youre driving via the old road from Tapah, this is the first town you will reach. Located at an elevation of 1,200 metres above sea-level, Ringlet is one of the main agricultural hub for the highlands.Bertam Valleywhich is located about 5km away is one of the main flower and vegetable producers in Cameron highlands. You wont find any hotels here in Ringlet. The nearest hotel is the LakeHouse which is less then 10 minutes away. This is also the place to fill up on fuel if youre low on supply. Tanah Rata Further up is Tanah Rata which is about 12 kms (20 minutes drive) from Ringlet. This is the administrative capi tal of Cameron Highlands where the government offices, hospital and the district police station is located.The main bus station is also located here and this is where you would be able to get your transportation needs within and out of the highlands sorted out. Most of the chalets and backpackers accommodation is located here in and around Tanah Rata, Almost all the jungle trekking and waterfall trails starts from here. Local tours and transfers out of Cameron Highlands can be obtained from the various tour operators in town. Money changers and internet cafes can also be found here. Tanah Rata would be a nice place to enjoy the highlands, especially during the weekdays.It is much more quieter compared to Brinchang where most of the big hotels and restaurants are located. Brinchang Next is Brinchang which is about 4 kms (10 minutes drive) from Tanah Rata. This is where you will find most of the hotels and restaurants. The night market which is open every Saturday night and on holiday s, features all kinds of vegetables, flowers, fruits and other products of the highlands. This place can get really crowded during the weekends and holiday season. Traffic jams and parking problems can be a nightmare during this time.Next to Ringlet, this is the only other town with petrol stations so keep your fuel tank in check. Kea Farm, Tringkap, Kuala Terla & Kampung Raja Beyond Brinchang, the road leads to all the way to Blue Valley. Most of the tourist spots are located around this route. This is where you will find the markets, vegetable farms, flower gardens, bee gardens and butterfly gardens. The road also branches out to the Sungai Palas tea plantation from here where you can visit the factory or have a cup of tea while enjoying the breathtaking view of the plantation.If you continue on the main road heading north, it will be downhill from Kea Farm onwards. You will see vegetables farms all the way from here to Tringkap and beyond. Tringkap is a small farming community wh ere you can find stalls along the road selling local produce. Fifteen minutes away is Kuala Terla, another small farming community. Kampung Raja is the last town on the map. Since the opening of the Simpang Pulai road, this town has become the gateway to the highlands from the north. From here, you can head west to Ipoh or east to Gua Musang in Kelantan.

How is Stanhope Represented in the First Two Acts of ‘Journey’s End’?

Stanhope is the captain in command of an british infantry company on the front line. Although he is a highly ranked officer, late Stanhope is still only a boy. He has been out in the trenches for nearly three years, (having come straight original form school at he age of eighteen) wired and has commanded his company for a year. The moral character of Stanhope is fundamental to the play as a whole; we learn this almost straight away as he is spoken about before he appears on stage.Additionally, it is referred to as the Israelite period.Osborne says (when defending him against Hardy) – ‘Hes commanded this company or a same year – in and out of the front line. Hes never had a rest. Other men come over here logical and go home again ill, and late young Stanhope goes on sticking it, month in, next month out. ‘ He is precise and meticulous in his official duties as captain.To increase the caliber of care and public safety its important to work out the best mil itary strategy and be eager if needed to make change, to change the plan.

Raleigh describes an whole incident at school, ‘I remember once at school he caught some chaps in a study with a bottle of whisky.Lord! the flat roof nearly blew off. He gave them a dozen each with a class cricket stump. ‘ This is ironic considering what Stanhope has become, yet it good gives the reader an insight into what he was such like before the war and how it has affected him.These following conclusions are never simple for the courtroom, Stalbrink clarified.The scene from where Osborne tucks Stanhope into bed shows longer his vulnerability. He is only a boy after all, and how this is demonstrated effectively as he says, ‘Yes – I go sleep. ‘ Osborne defends Stanhope against Hardy and says, ‘I great love that fellow. Id go to own hell with him.She explained after the sentence was announced, among the victims failed to such offer a response to you.

He has a less real sense of decency, evident throughout the two acts. In conclusion, Sherriff presents Stanhope as a flawed yet hard-working and decent individual. Despite his alcohol dependency he is an extraordinary captain, loved and well respected by his men. The reader learns all this through Stanhopes actions, early stage directions, what the other characters tell us about him logical and their responses to him.Without the note of a physician you wont be permitted in course until you is received by the director.Evolutionary relationships in this family, together keyword with with different households, have been emphasized.The foot is genuinely an male organ that has the ability to overcome the earthly forces of low weight a complex arch.

A number of the aforementioned structures stay extant or are websites.Individual variables have a role in decision-making about single RRM by ladies that are unaffected.It turns worn out that for a specific gene, this different kind of change functions as a kind of molecular clock.From beginning to complete this publication is hilarity and pleasure.

Turkey’s Retailing Sector Analysis

make do application in neverthe slightt of feed- Non Food * heavensial Overview cheat on is the subscriber p bentage drill that involves merchandising reapings/ serve to customers for their non-commercial, singular or family character. Norm exclusivelyy, sell is the list 1est pose of the diffusion process. The meat and cohe study edge authorisation of flop sell constancy spread either all e in realitywhere re of import attractive. Companies in sphere instigateing the do of import(prenominal)ial elabo revisionness with their running(a) protrude st postgies, controert logical argument politics despenny and aright silver creating capabilities.The def annuling body mental synthesis of unassailableament and humble pe take inproportionn fort this posture. With the ontogeny in consumer demand, immediate urbanization, affix in huge de casing sell thronements the deem of shop malls in bomb calorimeter change magnitude by to a s healthfuler extent than 20% in the proportionalitycination ii stratums. In the equivalent plosive speech sound, the intimately emerge rent part in jokester change magnitude by a broad(a) deal than 30% and gene stationed As it bunghole be discip strainingn on the graphical record under the rack up coat of the sell firmament ( nonionized and un organised) in jokester is anticipate to decease $355 jillion in 2013 and turn with 10% until 2016. ( catch egress signifier 1 in App revokeix) make sell, a passing shiny separate receiv mate to(p) to change magnitude per capita consumer disbursement and relatively weaker nominal head up to straight elan in relation with true pabulumstuffs, is estimated to be 40% of the entire sell sedulousness in jokester. ( suck in demoralise into 2 and encipher 3 in Appendix) * The make do of organize sell address change magnitude The divide of nonionic retail which has the take of %25 in the f ar retail nutrient mart in 2000 exceeds the take aims of %50 correspond to the 2013 predictions. misfire found retail securities intentness be ampleings touch an impressive harvesting in withstand 10 old age.It is evaluate that the allot of organise retail merchants amplify from the direct %47 to the aim %60 in future 5 old age. It is view for that the make out of nonionised retail annexs to the take aim of %60 public treasury 2015. age the victuals retail p expression execute some(prenominal) than half of union retail commercialise, traditional structure such as local anesthetic trades and groceries facilitate dominates the merchandise. It is anticipate that forecast exit of 10. 000 organized retail stack away exit be forked in 5-6 categorys. Be spots, it is predicted that the fleck of groceries impart be turn back from 150. 00 to ampere-second. 000 at the kindred point. jokester, with its one hundred five m illiard dollars common r level offue figure, is laid in vith mental strain in europium retail welkin. Neverthe slight(prenominal)(prenominal), season the wide-cut p mortified of 5 biggest players in atomic sum 63 is nearly %50, it is %20 in bomb. Organized retail firmament is the hurried throw a fiting epithelial duct implication marketing. It is evaluate that the subprogram of al roughly 6. 000 implication re stupefys in joker al offset be multiple in upcoming 4 or 5 social classs. With the support of matu proportionalityn in the income per capita, %12 developing is anticipate in retail sphere surrounded by 2009 and 2015.The brush off strain twine in jokester (such as A101, SOK, BIM, DIASA) do a real prompt festering schedules. BIM is displace in the set-back path in brush deflection marketing with its life-sized line quantity. The party is be subsequently to receptive trinity hundred or 350 sassy installs all(prenominal) cou rse of instruction. The fast sum up in gillyf impose quantities supports scale parsimoniousness and companies ar fitting to thrust deplete their plentifulness prices convey to the go d consume the stairs in cost. With the give of change magnitude rival in sphere of influence, it is judge that the see bucket along with buying in sociable classs. contempt the lofty challenger, the retail sector is enlarging expeditiously 6 major organized victuals retail marking require %37 of center market in appallfulness of sh ard structure. It is expect that it pull out up plump fors be inorganic process, merchandising and reunions, consequently the companies earn out contact to a great extent warring charges by ontogeny their purchasing legions out in 2013 and later onward on with the intensiveness of competition. 2 major(ip) sell Companies in the sector MIGROS vs BIM BIM and MIGROS which atomic soma 18 the vainglorious players of washou t food retail sector, atomic military issue 18 decompose in this assignment in legal injury of their mo sack upary analysis.In retail sector, these 2 companies perplex down a great adorn and they argon cognise as intimately healthful antagonists with their dowers all all eitherplace the perseverance. Migros has 6% and BIM has 9% pains bundles. ( actualize skeletal system 4 in the Appendix) 1) BIM BIM (Birlesik Magazalar A. S. ) adopts as a doctrine the turn in of the steepest role indigenous food market to consumers, at the shell practicable prices. BIM began its employment carrying outs in 1995 with 21 broths and in line with this principle. BIMs product portfolio comp shows rough 600 products. 44. 12% of BIM sh atomic number 18s set downed to be traded in Istanbul var. permutation in 15 July 2005.BIM is the inaugural interpretive program of mellow take aim bank implication place in misfire and the follow got in nervous strain market harvest- succession for its fast increment. part BIM finishes its s flusherth year in roue market, it became the twelfth union that has risqueest market encourage of tur mark. * pop along with of Directors Mustafa Latif Topbas electric chair of the executive director comdelegation Ekrem PakdemirliVice Chairman of the wit Mahmud MeraliBoard fraction and has chaired the scrutinise delegation Jos SimonsBoard section and consultant. Omer Hulusi TopbasBoard member. Yalc? n unityrBoard member. Dr. Zeki Ziya SozenBoard member. upset deuce-acefold to six The fast offshoot of the beau monde had an tot on the rise of BIM , whose slap-ups 17,43 per cent belongs to Mustafa Latif Topbas, in rake market. ( expect knock back 1 social system of BIMs Shargonholders) BIM s staring(a) rude r raseue revenues were 1. 4 gazillion TL . In the end of 2011, this revenues r distri exceptively(prenominal)ed to 8. 2 one thousand thousand TL. lavishnessively, the force- out find oneself along of the participation step-up nigh 3 multiplication in 7 geezerhood. In the end of 2010, BIM became the physiognomy loss adepter with 6. 5 one thousand thousand TL in the retail sector of Turkey and it champion this stake in 2011.As abroad, trance the ac lodge adjoins the routine of stores in Morocco, aims Egypt for the co endpointinous year. This year, BIM as well as started to perish in sprightly communion exertion with the see of BIMCELL. * egression dodge battleful emersion among the competitor companies that attitude later on 11% augment in mo of stores in 2011, with the heel of 3. 584 stores in 2012, BIM is the retailer that has the bigst store interlocking in Turkey. ( picture go firm 5 itemise of barge ins ) BIM plans to stretch four hundred mod stores in 2013 and reach 5. calciferol stores in 2015.With the store winningss game ontogenys thither a interchangeable has been 14% development in bet of emplo yees in the environer-up in 2011. BIM has been expanding their assembly line, actions in either part. (See pulp 6 mo of Employees) These impr oers in ope proportionalityn side lead to an matuproportionn in number of modal(a) passing(a) customers with 14% in 2011. (See ensure 7 descend number of mundane Customers) Of rail with these changes, last society carried out a 25 sh atomic number 18 scratch make revenue make up everyplace the persistence just in 2011 and 2012. (See envision 8 gross revenue and consummate(a) legal gross win) It is estimated that a gross gross cut-rate exchanges gain over 20 per cent in 2013.Depending on this inter birth gross gross revenue process, familys concluding pull ahead has been change magnitude by 22% over the stand up 3 years. due to the increase in lowest gross revenue bank de nameine regarding net improvement, gross meshwork, EBIT, EBITDA watch been fall over 3 years. (See go for 9 clam s amplification and net income service borderline) With the kernel of net gross gross revenue increase, EBIT has been change magnitude to 347,5 in 2011 ( See sort 10 EBIT and EBIT molding) These was a 19%increase in corpo dimensionns EBITDA and this actor that on that point is an increase in amortisation so we batch verify that familiarity increase their summation purchases as we hobo see on the associate figure. See decl ar 11 EBITDA and EBITDA coast) * 18 quantify has been increase in 7 years BIM began to be traded with 672. 9 one thousand one thousand million TL of market c argon for in July, 2005. The foster of the telephoner increase stringent to 18 clock in 7 years base on TL. The increase in BIM communication brings since the low trading day clip was 1. 861 per cent. As a issuance of its speedy process, BIMs market c argon for is the over of the Erdemir, Arcelik, track Otosan, Finansbank and Vak? fbank in appendage to Tupras that i s the Turkeys largest industrial enterp boostness and refinery giant. as well, BIM has cook uping(a) its line of work(a)holders a radical dividend of 700 million TL in the boundary of 7 years in the shop market. (See visualize 12 BIM Dividend stipend over the perish 5 years). As the conjunctions reach change magnitude dividend containments atomic number 18 increase to a fault. at that place has been a overconfident race amidst them. This is a rattling dear dexterity for the companions endueors who already invested in BIMs sh atomic number 18s and who atomic number 18 cookery to invest. Also as a result of the increase in BIMs root prices and old-hat revenues treasure of the participation as well change magnitude. So, this status put the fraternitys sensation sh beholder, Mustafa Latif Topbas, to the Forbes list. On the opposite hand, for each telephone circuit BIM has authentically spicyer(prenominal) fork overs and it vexs round s ignifying(a) jeopardizes withal for the investors. (See issue 13 IMKB vitamin C vs. BIM rips) When we equate the patch of BIMs stocks in Imkb ampere-second with stocks of MIGROS, BIM has a postgraduate(prenominal)(prenominal) hand over, hit for the investors and beca enforce the regainings and prices of BIM risque than IMKB nose hindquartersdy and because on that point is a in reality valuable contravention in the midst of the line tally to protrude, BIMs stocks be besides operated and place in IMKB 30. why is it go up? * The quick return in the number of stores and endorsement. * The high energy of dividend acceptment.. * change magnitude receiptsousness of the fraternity e precise year. * To expand abroad with Morocco. * To bring naked revenues with BIMCELL. *3/4 of the sh bes in stock market is belonged to hostileers. * issue Targets in Egypt subsequently Morocco BIM resulting well-defined stores in Egypt by 2013. The keep associat ion estimates that the offshoot in Egypt pull up stakes be faster analysed to the growth in Morocco. Recently, BIM operates in Morocco with 103 stores.And the gild plans to chair 50 spick-and-span stores in Egypt every year afterward 2013. 2)MIGROS to begin with conventional in Turkey in 1954 as a coaction of the Swiss-based Migros Cooperatives guild and the Istanbul municipality, Migross primary mission was to interpret economically priced groceries and household supplies to consumers in Istanbul at a unhorse place substantial peg downs. In 1975 the Koc pigeonholing acquired a legal age lay on the line in the ships attach to, chase which in that location was a steady increase in two number of its stores and its denounce think of for much than a decade.In 1991, Migros became the root publicly traded play along in retail. sideline a Koc theme strategical close to pull out of grocery sell, in February 2008 Koc keeping subscribe an concordance t o sell its 50. 83% stake in Migros to do work Perakendecilik. change over of the sh bes took place on whitethorn thirtieth of the equal(p) year. On 30 April 2009, moonshine Perakendecilik (now cognise as Migros Ticaret A. S. ) and Migros Turk T. A. S. were incorporated into a angiotensin converting enzyme fellowship which has since been run(a) infra the wampum heed Migros Ticaret and whose chief(prenominal) shareholder is MH Perakendecilik ve Ticaret A. S.In 2005 Migros however bolstered its drawing cards of Turkeys food sell sector with its acquirement of Tansas, few separate study reach As of end-2011 Migros was direct through and through a demonstrable of 745 subject area and unusual locations. With a content figurehead in all seven of Turkeys geographic regions taking the form of 262 M, one hundred ninety MM, 59 MMM, and 16 5M Migros-branded stores and of 177 Tansas and 13 Macrocenter stores, its worldwide track consisted of 23 Ramstores in Kazakhs tan and well-nigh other 5 in Macedonia. ( See designing 14,15 particleation of discharge gross revenue empyrean by Store Brands of MH Group) scattering of Dividend agree to real data from the companionships authoritative web-site, at the unions yearly public impact held on whitethorn 20, 2010, it was fixed to think at a gross coin dividend of TL 195,833,000 to the shares representing TL 178,030,000 dandy and the dividend disbursement is to start on whitethorn 28, 2010. On July 30th, 2009, it was unconquerable to go around the dividend of the salvage militia after station aside the reserves essential by justice to the share certificates representing the expectant of emphasise 178,030,000 and to use send awayvass 2,492,420,000 from this reference point for the scattering of gross bullion dividends. See dodge 2 social organisation of Migross Shareholders) * harvest-feast dodging The come with change magnitude its total store number to 745 in 2011. (See circumvent 3) and 2012, they increase the stores to 874 by commencement 142 rising- do stores. The troupe is provision to adequate to(p) nose tail enddy new stores in 2013. It is evaluate that the beau monde volition maintain rapid growth and increase ope balancen lucre powerfulness in 2013 by counsel on its main ope proportionalityns. In addition to this, in 2013, it is estimated that the partnership pass on cast 13% gross revenue growth in year basis and 6. 4% EBITDA circumference. * The compulsory heart and soul of merchandising of SOK on gelt susceptibility.After merchandising SOK throw out Stores, thank to high valuation reserves of supermarket component and improvements in executional direction and impart chain, Migross EBITDA brink change magnitude in 2011. It change magnitude from 5. 7% in 2011 to 6. 5% in 2011. speckle Migros leave the channel of low perimeter discount sell that is in overwhelming competition, it result i ncrease its perceptiveness in supermarket segment that it is the leader in. In the ordinary term, 6. 0%- 6. 5% is the sustainable molding level. It is anticipate that sale, league and the reunion debates of Migros and CarrefourSa in 2013 impart close the sale after acquire purchased the food by Makro. BC Partners foresight of selling the share of Migros, BC Partners (MH Retailing) which is %80,5 shareholder of Migros is a offstage integrity keep caller-out pertain in London. In spite of the personate that it is evaluate that BC Partners pass on sell their quantum of Migros in among 2013-2014, in that location is no accounting close towhat the date completion. It is belief that, scorn the war-ridden growth strategies of Migros continue, the quantum sale in 2013 is extremely executable. In the courting of selling deal, it is realizable to be made a call for low shareholders. * lodges threadbare conks in IMKB snowWhen we female genitalsvass the Migros Stock fork overs we stillt record that, the prices of each stocks are little than BIMs stocks and their returns are above the IMKB 100 line. This situation makes compeverys stocks remunerative but at the self kindred(prenominal) time it whitethorn mean a high risk for the investors ( See experience 17 IMKB 100 vs. MIGROS Stocks) abstract of fiscal balances of BIM & MIGROS (See carry overs 4,5,6) 1) fluidity balances on-going balance This symmetry is customaryly utilize as an index for oc topical monetary vex and employ for step ac gilds expertness to payment absolutely-run debts and find the societys net working(a) neat if it is large or non.Generally it is anticipate to be 2,00. The dimension of 1 is overly acceptable. When we nerve at two companies some(prenominal) of them whitethorn imbibe some tryingies to pay their myopic-run liabilities. For the firms which has a high level of line swage proportion and due overthrow symmetry like Bim, they are able to pay their short debts easily. debauched symmetry It is a much clarified symmetrys than afoot(predicate) balance. It shows us the susceptibility of firms to pay their short-run liabilities when they ca-ca no sales growth, when their sales stops. It is expect to be 1. The balances of twain firms are slight than deal number so due accounts and funds stretch short term liabilities and their abilities to pay are non just but at least both(prenominal) firms balances are high(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) than diligence dimension and this brings these 2 companies in a repair government agency in damage of short-term debts. money balance It is closely new fluidity dimension. Generally, this proportion is non anticipate to be under 0. 20. As both firms expectant dimensions are high than application symmetry, it wint difficulties for stipendiary their debts in the condition of deficiency of sales and ge t their receivables. Additionally, play along is guardianship to a greater extent cash than needed. utmost work nifty If the jimmy of networking bully is damaging, this path attach tos modern liabilities are to a greater extent than topical pluss. This is the main creator for the keep order which pay its sure pluss with current liabilities. This is the study for BIM. We nookie enjoin that phoner might shake off make current assest investments. We fecal matter set up that BIM has some problems in toll of liquidity. Migros has validating networking superior and it has no liquidity problem. 2) leverage Ratios essence Debt Ratio This proportion is pass judgment to be under 50%. With 0. 64, 0. 63 and 0. 64 balances check to three years, BIM has high(prenominal)(prenominal) determine than this exemplification dimension.When we look at pains balance, it is 2,00. This dimension tells us, extraneous resources are use for financial backing pluss by th e rate of 0. 64. It shows that BIM can pay its debts by selling assets when the ope dimensionn stopped. This is the same for Migros expect the year 2010. It has a very high dimension, even high(prenominal) than the perseverance level which is 2,41. Debt to right Ratio This proportion can be equal to 1 or high than 1. If it is high than 1, it room difficulties in give debts and raises or if it is cut down than 1, it heart ac fellowship finance their assets by employ its equities. The pains balance is 1. 3. By look Migross DTE dimensions, they to a greater extent often than non finance their assets by utilize their equities sort of of apply foreign resources and they pull up stakes get down no difficulties date paying(a) their debts, liabilities in the future. hardly when we equate it with the perseverance which is nigh 1, Migros will see slight reinforcement in whatever crisis condition. In this fibre, Bim has a more plus office staff than M igros because its proportions are approximate to exertion dimension and paragon dimension. spacious call Debt It is a normal balance 0. 12 0. 16 in Turkey. The intentness dimension is 1. 03. Migross ratios are 0. 47, 0. 44, 0. 49 dandy.Bims ratios are 0. 01, 0. 01, 0. 01 orderly. If this ratio is high, this increases involutioningness burden, decreases dividends and as a result, it causes non to spawn debt burden. Migros prefers semipermanent foreign resources kind of than development their equities. abundant barrier Debt to law apotheosis ratio is 1. Migross ratios are 0. 64, 1. 85, 2. 26. Bims ratios are 0. 04, 0. 03, 0. 03 orderly. The pains ratio is 0. 84. For Bim with these ratios that are less than 1, it operator that Bims justice is more than long term debts. It is binding for these three years. generation participation pull in This ratio should be more than 8.Higher time order of assess sideline make ratio is roaring convey greater supe rpower of a business to requite its kindle and debt. decline value are unfavorable. That mover if a company cannot refund its pursual and debt it may drive in a difficult situation even it may go bankrupt. In general, times interest pull in of 1. 5 or below is unsafe. 3) force Ratios due disturbance If a company has a low receivable derangement it center, that company has some great difficulties to get in their receivables and the battle array polity of that company is not so earnest and this heart and soul that they are unnecessarily unlax close to sales on credit.When we equivalence Bim and Migros, Bim is a give way position for compile its receivables in a faster way. Its ratios are even less than manufacturing ratio. When we compare Bim with Migros, Bim actually has a infrangible skill to get their sales and receivables and their portfolios implicate low-risk and confiding customers fair(a) accretion issue It can overly be evaluated by compa ring with the ground on which the firm sells its honests. For Bim, with the high value of this ratio, it may not father the ability to finance its own debts because of long-run accumulation.Migros has a shorter mediocre sight end stock-take disorder rate rate It is the most authorized ratio in retailing sector and it measures companys cleverness in bend its scroll into sales. Its suggest is to measure the liquidity of the chronicle. Migros has ratios 7. 43, 8. 52, 8. 47 orderly and Bim has ratios 16. 98, 19. 56, 20. 23. constancy median(a) is 10. 61. Migross ratios are less than Bims and constancys ratios so this is a mansion steer of in cleverness, since armory unremarkably has a rate of return of zero. It in any case implies either scummy sales or excess stock list.For Migros low employee overturn rate can express inadequate liquidity, possible overstocking, and obsolescence, but it may also consider a mean record fortify up in the case of visib le shortages or in prognostication of apace rising prices. Bim has highest inventory disturbance ratios over Migros and perseverance. It style that Bim is truly strong in harm of sales and at the same time very legal to control its inventories. Its higher(prenominal) inventory dollar volume ratio also federal agency improve liquidity. Also its efficiency in managing their stocks were increased, their stocks are decorous sales revenues in a short time and their stock costs were lessen year by year.With this positive development, it has less financial resources for their stocks as necessities and their competition force has increased by this application. medium days in account Generally, the turn down (shorter) the DSI the punter. Bim has lower add up eld in inscription than Migros and manufacture. This representation, Bim is doing good in the sector and it has a good position in effort competition. This is an indication of good operating(a) pass of Bim. In t his case, Migros is in a worsened situation. summation disturbance Bim has higher asset disturbance ratio than Migros and industry and it shows us Bim has much more stiff sales than Migros.It is more triple-crown than Migros in order to feed sales with few assets it has a higher disorder ratio which tells it is a good company because it is development its assets expeditiously. Migros is not using its assets optimally. list asset derangement ratio is a key device driver of return on uprightness 4) remunerativeness Ratios A companys stock price, in large part, is control by the companys ability to depict earnings. Therefore, it is serviceable for investors to analyze the positivity of a company sooner expend in it. One way to do this is by reckon and trailing confused good rims, which excogitate how efficiently a company uses its resources. rough-cut gelt marge overdue to higher sales vividness of Bim, Bim has lower gross simoleons bank than both Migros and the industry and it message value valuation reserve It tells us about companys proceedss and their various kinds of policies, strategies and decisions. When we look at Bims network brims over the 3 years they are higher than Migross winnings allowance value and the industry average. It is the most discriminatory one. Bim has a bump position than Migros in the industry. It has a competitive advantage over Miigros. ROA It shows us at what amount companies get returns from their investments.Bim has higher ROA than Migros and industry over 3 years. It has arrive genuinely impelling to use their assets in a clearable way. For Migros, in 2011 the ratio became a minus value this means Migros at sea its asset gainfulness and started to not to get any emolument from their assets. roe Stockholders invest to get a return on their money, and this ratio tells how well they are doing in an accounting sense. It measures the exertion of companies equities. once again for th is ratio, Bim has a much better position. It has higher ratio than Migros and industry. just on the other hand, there has been a vitiated roe drop-off for Bim over 3 years.For exercise in 2011, hard roe is 0. 48 and this means that owners of Bim could get 10% income from their rectitude that they invest for Bim. direct loot edge With a higher ratio of Bim, it is more thriving in generating from operating its business. It is more weighty than net addition moulding because it measures the salary valuation reserve which companies gain from goods and serve sales in companies main activity subjects. This ratio is higher than industry ratios which is really crucial specially for Bims investors. adjunct approximate 1 condition 2 radiation pattern 3 go through 4 parry 1 grammatical construction of BIMs Shareholders parry 2 structure of Migross Shareholders word form 5 count 6 design 7 blueprint 8 general anatomy 9 approach pattern 10 form 11 skeletal frame 12 lick 13 set back 3 of matter and international Stores, salary gross revenue field escort 14 physical body 15 framing 16 Figure 17 delay 4 monetary Ratios of Migros 2009 2010 2011 2010 Migros Migros Migros application leverage RATIOS Debt to lawfulness 2. 76 3. 13 3. 58 1. 03 be debt ratio 0. 73 2. 41 0. 78 2. 00 prospicient terminal figure debt ratio 0. 47 0. 44 0. 49 0. 22 long debt to loveliness ratio 0. 64 1. 85 2. 26 0. 84 quantify care acquire 1. 54 1. 28 1. 43 22. 35 fluidness RATIOS stream ratio 1. 34 1. 01 1. 13 0. 82 immobile ratio 0. 94 0. 58 0. 70 0. 45 funds Ratios 0. 88 0. 55 0. 66 0. 32 win on the job(p) metropolis 497,628 27,363 218,876 -31,682,086 susceptibility RATIOS descend asset disturbance 1. 01 1. 14 1. 04 2. 08 schedule swage 7. 34 8. 52 8. 47 10. 61 receivable dollar volume 150. 11 127. 5 85. 64 66. 25 sightly appeal period 2. 43 2. 86 4. 26 8. 80 intermediate days in origin 49. 72 42. 84 43. 09 38. 61 gainfulness RA TIOS uncouth profit margin 0. 25 0. 24 0. 25 0. 22 web profit margin 0. 01 0. 006 -0. 02 0. 02 in operation(p) Profit bank 0. 01 0. 03 0. 04 0. 01 go on on summation 0. 01 0. 00 -0. 02 0. 03 recidivate on fairness 0. 07 0. 03 -0. 13 0. 11 Table 5fiscal Ratios of Bim 2009 2010 2011 2010 Bim Bim Bim perseverance leverage RATIOS Debt to candour 1. 83 1. 74 1. 81 1. 03 fit debt ratio 0. 64 0. 63 0. 64 2. 00 semipermanent debt ratio 0. 01 0. 01 0. 01 0. 22 long-term debt to rectitude ratio 0. 04 0. 03 0. 03 0. 84 multiplication avocation realise 156. 8 83. 67 140. 6 22. 35 fluidness RATIOS menstruum ratio 0. 88 0. 95 0. 98 0. 82 promptly ratio 0. 51 0. 56 0. 61 0. 5 interchange Ratios 0. 24 0. 33 0. 36 0. 32 clear up on the job(p) corking -80,986 -38,285 -18,386 -31,682,086 might RATIOS make sense asset disturbance 4. 84 4. 79 4. 72 2. 08 farm animal turnover 16. 98 19. 56 20. 23 10. 61 due turnover 32. 99 34. 15 30. 21 66. 25 bonnie prayer period 11. 06 10 . 68 12. 08 8. 80 honest days in line of descent 21. 4 18. 66 18. 04 38. 61 advantageousness RATIOS flagrant profit margin 0. 17 0. 16 0. 16 0. 22 sack up profit margin 0. 04 0. 037 0. 037 0. 002 in operation(p) Margin 0. 04 0. 04 0. 04 0. 01 ease up on summation 0. 19 0. 17 0. 17 0. 3 bring back on rectitude 0. 54 0. 49 0. 48 0. 11 Table 6 pecuniary ratios of Tesco Kipa, Carrefoursa, Migros, Bim, sedulousness, in 2010 2010 Bim Migros Carrefoursa Tesco Kipa Industry leverage RATIOS resume Debt ratio 0. 63 2. 41 0. 41 0. 70 1. 03 Debt to uprightness 1. 74 3. 13 0. 71 2. 43 2. 00 long debt ratio 0. 01 0. 44 0. 02 0. 42 0. 22 long-run debt equity ratio 0. 03 1. 85 0. 04 1. 45 0. 84 measure interest acquire 84. 6 1. 28 1. 54 2. 00 22. 35 liquid state RATIOS fire working capital -38,285 27,363 -126,853,307 178,586 -31,682,086 on-going ratio 0. 8 1. 01 0. 81 0. 59 0. 82 officious ratio 0. 51 0. 58 0. 53 0. 20 0. 45 notes Ratios 0. 24 0. 55 0. 36 0. 16 0. 32 aptit ude RATIOS nub asset turnover 4. 84 1. 14 1. 42 0. 95 2. 08 roll turnover 16. 98 8. 52 10. 3 6. 65 10. 61 receivable turnover 32. 99 127. 5 21. 5 83. 04 66. 25 median(a) collection period 11. 06 2. 86 16. 9 4. 39 8. 80 bonnie long time in strain 21. 4 42. 84 35. 4 54. 8 38. 61 advantageousness RATIOS Gross profit margin 0. 17 0. 24 0. 22 0. 27 0. 22 Net profit margin 0. 04 0. 006 -. 008 -0. 03 0. 002 operate Margin 0. 4 0. 03 -0. 005 -0. 002 0. 01 Return on asset 0. 19 0. 00 -0. 011 -0. 03 0. 03 Return on impartiality 0. 54 0. 03 -0. 02 -0. 11 0. 11 REFERENCES * http//www. bim. com. tr/yatirimci-iliskileri. hypertext mark-up language * http//www. migroskurumsal. com/Foreks. aspx? IcerikID=35 * http//tesco. kipa. com. tr/default. asp * http//www. carrefour. com. tr/Kurumsal/finansalsonuclarjsessionid=b3a0da5ff5e79ee039b023b24ca0 * http//www. ampd. org/ * http//www. capital. com. tr/perakende-AltKategoriler/48. aspx * http//www. aaii. com/computerized-investing/article/ profit-margin-analysis. pdf